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Black, Hugo LaFayette

(Encyclopedia) Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886–1971, associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1937–71), b. Harlan, Clay co., Ala. He received his law degree from the Univ. of Alabama in 1906. He…

constitution, principles of government

(Encyclopedia) constitution, fundamental principles of government in a nation, either implied in its laws, institutions, and customs, or embodied in one fundamental document or in several. In the…

Nitze, Paul Henry

(Encyclopedia) Nitze, Paul HenryNitze, Paul Henrynĭtˈsə [key], 1907–2004, American public official, b. Amherst, Mass., grad. Harvard, 1927. After working in investment banking, he entered government…

Sander, August

(Encyclopedia) Sander, AugustSander, Augustouˈg&oobreve;st zänˈdər [key], 1876–1964, Austrian photographer. During his long life Sander made a remarkable composite portrait of the German people.…

Swift, Taylor Alison

(Encyclopedia) Swift, Taylor Alison, 1989- , American singer-songwriter, b. West Reading, Pa. A precocious songwriter, Swift moved to Nashville…

Kibaki, Mwai

(Encyclopedia) Kibaki, Mwai (Emilio Mwai Kibaki), 1931–, Kenyan political leader. An economist educated at the London School of Economics, he was elected to Kenya's first parliament (1963) as a…

Canada Act

(Encyclopedia) Canada Act, also called the Constitutional Act of 1982, which made Canada a fully sovereign state. The British Parliament approved it on Mar. 25, 1982, and Queen Elizabeth II…

Siskind, Aaron

(Encyclopedia) Siskind, Aaron, 1903–91, American photographer, b. New York City. A member of the Photo League in the 1930s, he began as a documentary photographer, creating such series as Dead End:…

Provisions of Oxford

(Encyclopedia) Provisions of Oxford, 1258, a scheme of governmental reform forced upon Henry III of England by his barons. In 1258 a group of barons, angered by the king's Sicilian adventure and the…

living will

(Encyclopedia) living will or advance health care directive, legal document in which a person expresses in advance his or her wishes concerning the use of artificial life support and other medical…