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Breyer, Stephen Gerald

(Encyclopedia) Breyer, Stephen Gerald Breyer, Stephen Gerald brīˈər [key], 1938–, associate justice of the U.S.…

will, in law

(Encyclopedia) will, in law, document expressing the wishes of a person (known as a testator) concerning the disposition of her property after her death. If a person dies intestate, i.e., without a…

Declaration of Independence

(Encyclopedia) Declaration of Independence, full and formal declaration adopted July 4, 1776, by representatives of the Thirteen Colonies in North America announcing the separation of those colonies…

oral history

(Encyclopedia) oral history, compilation of historical data through interviews, usually tape-recorded and sometimes videotaped, with participants in, or observers of, significant events or times.…

Corpus Juris Civilis

(Encyclopedia) Corpus Juris CivilisCorpus Juris Civiliskôrˈpəs j&oobreve;ˈrĭs sĭvīˈlĭs [key], most comprehensive code of Roman law and the basic document of all modern civil law. Compiled by…

Protectorate, in English history

(Encyclopedia) Protectorate, in English history, name given to the English government from 1653 to 1659. Following the English civil war and the execution of Charles I, England was declared (1649) a…

Chartism

(Encyclopedia) Chartism, workingmen's political reform movement in Great Britain, 1838–48. It derived its name from the People's Charter, a document published in May, 1838, that called for voting by…

Cromwell, Oliver

(Encyclopedia) Cromwell, OliverCromwell, Oliverkrŏmˈwĕl, krŭmˈ–, –wəl [key], 1599–1658, lord protector of England. Opinions of Cromwell have always varied widely. His military skill and force of…

Godard, Jean-Luc

(Encyclopedia) Godard, Jean-LucGodard, Jean-LuczhäN-lük gôdärˈ [key], 1930–, French film director and scriptwriter, b. Paris. He wrote criticism for a number of Parisian cinema journals in the early…

John XXIII, Saint, pope

(Encyclopedia) John XXIII, Saint, 1881–1963, pope (1958–63), an Italian (b. Sotto il Monte, near Bergamo) named Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli; successor of Pius XII. He was of peasant stock. Educated at…