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Touré, Amadou Toumani

(Encyclopedia) Touré, Amadou Toumani, 1948–2020, Malian political and military leader. He graduated from military school in 1972 and received further military training in the Soviet Union and France…

Shidehara, Kijuro

(Encyclopedia) Shidehara, KijuroShidehara, Kijurokēˌj&oomacr;rōˈ shēdāˈhärä [key], 1872–1951, Japanese statesman. A career diplomat, he was ambassador to the Netherlands (1914–15), vice foreign…

Sigerist, Henry Ernest

(Encyclopedia) Sigerist, Henry ErnestSigerist, Henry Ernestsĭgˈərĭst [key], 1891–1957, American medical historian and writer, b. Paris, M.D. Univ. of Zürich, 1917. He taught history of medicine at…

Hammer, Armand

(Encyclopedia) Hammer, Armand, 1898–1990, American business executive, b. New York City. He began in his father's pharmaceutical business and then expanded it into the Soviet Union. He returned (1930…

icebreaker

(Encyclopedia) icebreaker, ship of special hull design and wide beam, with relatively flat bottom, designed to force its way through ice. When the icebreaker charges into the ice at full speed, its…

Chiang Ching-kuo

(Encyclopedia) Chiang Ching-kuoChiang Ching-kuojyäng jĭng-gwô [key], 1909–88, eldest son of Chiang Kai-shek, Chinese Nationalist leader, and president of Taiwan. Returning after 12 years in the…

Watson, Thomas John, Jr.

(Encyclopedia) Watson, Thomas John, Jr., 1914–93, American industrialist, b. Dayton, Ohio. The son of Thomas John Watson, Sr., the founder of the International Business Machines Corp. (IBM), he…

Berlin airlift

(Encyclopedia) Berlin airlift, 1948–49, supply of vital necessities to West Berlin by air transport primarily under U.S. auspices. It was initiated in response to a land and water blockade of the…

Zatlers, Valdis

(Encyclopedia) Zatlers, ValdisZatlers, Valdisvälˈdĭs zätˈlĕrs [key], 1955–, Latvian physician and political leader. A graduate (1979) of the Riga Institute of Medicine, he is an orthopedic surgeon…

Wirth, Karl Joseph

(Encyclopedia) Wirth, Karl JosephWirth, Karl Josephkärl yōˈzĕf vĭrt [key], 1879–1956, German statesman. A leader of the Catholic Center party, he succeeded (1920) Matthias Erzberger as minister of…