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Kaliningrad

(Encyclopedia) KaliningradKaliningradkəlyēˌnyĭn-grätˈ [key], formerly Königsberg, city (1989 pop. 401,000), capital of Kaliningrad region, an exclave of W European Russia; on the Pregolya River near…

biological warfare

(Encyclopedia) biological warfare, employment in war of microorganisms to injure or destroy people, animals, or crops; also called germ or bacteriological warfare. Limited attempts have been made in…

Finland Department of State Background

U.S. Department of State Background Note Finland Index: Historical Highlights Government and Political Conditions Economy Foreign Relations U.S.-Finland Relations HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTSThe…

The Cold War

Key events and moments during the tense time between the Western and Eastern Blocs 1945 Soviet army marches into Berlin; the German capital city falls. World War II ends. Soviet Union, United…

Masaryk, Jan

(Encyclopedia) Masaryk, JanMasaryk, Janyän mäˈsärĭk [key], 1886–1948, Czechoslovak diplomat, son of Thomas G. Masaryk. He was (1925–38) Czechoslovak minister to Great Britain, and in London he became…

Nonaligned Movement

(Encyclopedia) Nonaligned Movement, organized movement of nations that attempted to form a third world force through a policy of nonalignment with the United States and Soviet Union. Yugoslavia,…

Alliluyeva, Svetlana

(Encyclopedia) Alliluyeva, SvetlanaAlliluyeva, Svetlanasvyĕtläˈnä äl-lĕl&oomacr;ˈyəvə [key], 1926–2011, only daughter of the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin and his second wife, Nadezhda Alliluyeva…

Shelepin, Aleksandr

(Encyclopedia) Shelepin, AleksandrShelepin, Aleksandrəlyĭksänˈdər shĕlĕˈpĭn [key], 1918–94, political leader in the Soviet Union. Active in the Young Communist League from the early 1940s, he later…

Pevsner, Antoine

(Encyclopedia) Pevsner, AntoinePevsner, AntoineäNtwänˈ pyĕvzˈnər [key], 1886–1962, Russian sculptor and painter. He was influenced by cubism while in Paris in 1911 and 1913. During World War I he was…