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Kautsky, Karl Johann

(Encyclopedia) Kautsky, Karl JohannKautsky, Karl Johannkärl yōˈhän koutˈskē [key], 1854–1938, German-Austrian socialist, b. Prague. A leading figure in the effort to spread Marxist doctrine in…

Liebknecht, Karl

(Encyclopedia) Liebknecht, KarlLiebknecht, Karlkärl lēpˈkənĕkht [key], 1871–1919, German socialist, leader of the Spartacus party; son of Wilhelm Liebknecht. His antimilitaristic writings caused his…

Bebel, August

(Encyclopedia) Bebel, AugustBebel, Augustouˈg&oobreve;st bāˈbəl [key], 1840–1913, German Socialist leader. A wood turner by trade, he became a Marxian Socialist under the influence of Wilhelm…

Smith Act

(Encyclopedia) Smith Act, 1940, passed by the U.S. Congress as the Alien Registration Act of 1940. The act, which made it an offense to advocate or belong to a group that advocated the violent…

Mann, Tom

(Encyclopedia) Mann, Tom, 1856–1941, British labor leader and socialist. He was an organizer of the 1889 London dock strike, which was an important step in the unionization of unskilled English…

Colom Caballeros, Álvaro

(Encyclopedia) Colom Caballeros, Álvaro, 1951–, Guatemalan political leader, president of Guatemala (2008–12), b. Guatemala City. An industrial engineer, he became a textile entrepreneur. Entering…

Buchenwald

(Encyclopedia) BuchenwaldBuchenwaldb&oomacr;ˈkhənvältˌ [key], village, Thuringia, S central Germany, in the Buchenwald forest, near Weimar. It was the site of a large concentration camp…

Wilkinson, Ellen

(Encyclopedia) Wilkinson, Ellen, 1891?–1947, English politician. Of a working-class family, she graduated from the Univ. of Manchester and became a union organizer. A Labour member of Parliament (…

Stavisky Affair

(Encyclopedia) Stavisky AffairStavisky Affairstävēskēˈ [key], financial and political scandal that shook France in 1934. Serge Alexandre Stavisky, a swindler associated with the municipal pawnshop of…

Simitis, Costas

(Encyclopedia) Simitis, Costas (Konstantinos Georgiou Simitis)Simitis, Costaskôˈstəs sĭmētˈĭs, kônˌstäntēˈnôs gāôrˈgy&oomacr; [key], 1936–, Greek politician and premier (1996–2004), b. Athens.…