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Viviani, René

(Encyclopedia) Viviani, RenéViviani, Renérənāˈ vēvyänēˈ [key], 1863–1925, French statesman. He entered politics as a Socialist and joined Jean Jaurès in founding the journal Humanité and in forming (…

Sampaio, Jorge Fernando Branco de

(Encyclopedia) Sampaio, Jorge Fernando Branco deSampaio, Jorge Fernando Branco dezhôrˈzhə fərnäNˈd&oomacr; bräNˈk&oomacr; dā säNpīˈ&oomacr; [key], 1939–, Portuguese politician, president…

Jospin, Lionel Robert

(Encyclopedia) Jospin, Lionel RobertJospin, Lionel RobertzhôspăNˈ [key], 1937–, French politician, premier of France (1997–2002). He studied at the elite École Nationale d'Administration (1961–65)…

New Democratic party

(Encyclopedia) New Democratic party (NDP), Canadian political party, founded in 1961 when the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) reorganized itself and entered into close ties with Canadian…

Dollfuss, Engelbert

(Encyclopedia) Dollfuss, EngelbertDollfuss, Engelbertĕngˈəlbĕrt dôlˈf&oobreve;s [key], 1892–1934, Austrian chancellor. A Christian Socialist, he rose to prominence as leader of the Lower Austrian…

Gronlund, Laurence

(Encyclopedia) Gronlund, LaurenceGronlund, Laurencegrŏnˈlənd [key], 1846–99, American Socialist, b. Denmark, educated at the Univ. of Copenhagen. He emigrated to the United States in 1867 and became…

Maximilian, prince of Baden

(Encyclopedia) Maximilian, prince of Baden (Max of Baden), 1867–1929, German statesman, last chancellor of imperial Germany. A liberal, he was made imperial chancellor at the end of World War I as…

USSR

(Encyclopedia) USSR: see Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Brandt, Willy

(Encyclopedia) Brandt, WillyBrandt, Willyvĭlˈē bränt [key], 1913–92, German political leader. His name originally was Karl Herbert Frahm. Active in his youth in the Social Democratic party, after…

Blum, Léon

(Encyclopedia) Blum, LéonBlum, LéonlāôNˈ bl&oobreve;m [key], 1872–1950, French Socialist leader and writer. Well established in literary circles, he entered politics during the Dreyfus Affair and…