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Carpenter, Edward

(Encyclopedia) Carpenter, Edward, 1844–1929, English author. Although ordained a minister in 1869, he became a Fabian socialist in 1874 and renounced religion. Among his works on social reform are…

Plehve, Vyacheslav Konstantinovich

(Encyclopedia) Plehve, Vyacheslav KonstantinovichPlehve, Vyacheslav Konstantinovichvyĕˌchĭsläfˈ kənstəntyēˈnəvĭch plyĕˈvyĭ [key], 1846–1904, Russian public official. As director of the police (1881–…

Kulakov, Feodor

(Encyclopedia) Kulakov, FeodorKulakov, Feodorfyôˈdər k&oomacr;ˈläkôf [key], 1918–78, Soviet political leader. A member of the Communist party after 1940, Kulakov held various agricultural…

González Márquez, Felipe

(Encyclopedia) González Márquez, FelipeGonzález Márquez, Felipefəlēˈpā gōnthäˈlĕth [key], 1942–, Spanish political leader. After joining (1962) what was then the Spanish Socialist Workers' party,…

Kádár, János

(Encyclopedia) Kádár, JánosKádár, Jánosyäˈnôsh käˈdär [key], 1912–89, Hungarian Communist leader. In 1932 he joined the then illegal Communist party and held high government and party posts from 1942…

Briand, Aristide

(Encyclopedia) Briand, AristideBriand, Aristideärēstēdˈ brēäNˈ [key], 1862–1932, French statesman. A lawyer and a Socialist, he entered (1902) the chamber of deputies and helped to draft and pass the…

Adjarian Autonomous Republic

(Encyclopedia) Adjarian Autonomous Republic or Ajarian Autonomous Republic Ajarian Autonomous Republic both: əjärˈēən [key], formerly Adzhar Autonomous Soviet Socialist…

Francois Hollande

Francois Hollande is the longtime Socialist party leader who was elected President of France in 2012. He succeeded Nicolas Sarkozy and served a 5-year term through 2017. Francois Hollande joined the…