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Valerian, Roman emperor

(Encyclopedia) Valerian (Publius Licinius Valerianus)Valerianvəlērˈēən [key], d. after 260, Roman emperor (253–60). He held important posts, both civil and military, under the emperors Decius and…

Boleslaus III

(Encyclopedia) Boleslaus III, 1085–1138, duke of Poland (1102–38). The kingdom had been divided by his father, Ladislaus Herman, between Boleslaus and his elder brother Zbigniew, whose legitimacy was…

Michael II, Byzantine emperor

(Encyclopedia) Michael II (Michael the Stammerer), d. 829, Byzantine emperor (820–29). A native of Phrygia, he fought with Emperor Leo V, whom he had helped gain the throne. Leo had him arrested for…

Benno, Saint

(Encyclopedia) Benno, Saint, d. 1106, German prelate. He was bishop of Meissen and an ardent supporter of Pope Gregory VII against Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV, and the emperor had him deposed. He was…

Maximilian II, 1527–76, Holy Roman emperor

(Encyclopedia) Maximilian II, 1527–76, Holy Roman emperor (1564–76), king of Bohemia (1562–76) and of Hungary (1563–76), son and successor of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I. Before acceding he…

Cheng Ho

(Encyclopedia) Cheng Ho or Zheng HeCheng Hoboth: jŭngˈ h&oobreve;ˈ [key], 1371–c.1433, admiral, diplomat, and explorer during China's Ming dynasty. At 10 he was captured by Chinese troops in…

Severus (Lucius Septimius Severus), Roman emperor

(Encyclopedia) Severus or Septimius Severus (Lucius Septimius Severus)Severussĕptĭmˈēəs sēvēˈrəs [key], 146–211, Roman emperor (193–211), b. Africa. He was campaigning in Pannonia and Illyria when…

K'ang Yu-wei

(Encyclopedia) K'ang Yu-weiK'ang Yu-weikäng y&oomacr;-wā [key], 1858–1927, Chinese philosopher and reform movement leader. He was a leading philosopher of the new text school of Confucianism,…

Honorius II

(Encyclopedia) Honorius II, d. 1130, pope (1124–30), an Italian named Lamberto, b. Bologna; successor of Calixtus II. Before becoming pope he spent several years in Germany adjusting the quarrel over…

Isaac II

(Encyclopedia) Isaac II (Isaac Angelus)Isaac IIănˈjələs [key], d. 1204, Byzantine emperor (1185–95, 1203–4). The great-grandson of Alexius I, he was proclaimed emperor by the mob that had killed the…