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Alexius IV

(Encyclopedia) Alexius IV (Alexius Angelus), d. 1204, Byzantine emperor (1203–4), son of Isaac II. When his father was deposed, Alexius fled to Italy and then went to Germany. Encouraged by his…

Charles V, duke of Lorraine

(Encyclopedia) Charles V (Charles Leopold), 1643–90, duke of Lorraine; nephew of Duke Charles IV. Deprived of the rights of succession to the duchy, he was forced to leave France and entered the…

Francis I, Holy Roman emperor

(Encyclopedia) Francis I, 1708–65, Holy Roman emperor (1745–65), duke of Lorraine (1729–37) as Francis Stephen, grand duke of Tuscany (1737–65), husband of Archduchess Maria Theresa. He succeeded his…

Romulus Augustulus

(Encyclopedia) Romulus AugustulusRomulus Augustulusrŏmˈy&oomacr;ləs [key]Romulus Augustulusôgŭsˈty&oobreve;ləs [key], d. after 476, last Roman emperor of the West (475–76). His father, the…

Eulenburg, Philipp, Fürst zu

(Encyclopedia) Eulenburg, Philipp, Fürst zuEulenburg, Philipp, Fürst zufēˈlĭp fürst ts&oomacr; oiˈlən-b&oobreve;rkh [key], 1847–1921, German diplomat, friend and confidential adviser of…

Montholon, Charles Tristan, marquis de

(Encyclopedia) Montholon, Charles Tristan, marquis deMontholon, Charles Tristan, marquis deshärl trēstäNˈ märkēˈ də môNtōlôNˈ [key], 1783–1853, French general in the Napoleonic Wars. He accompanied…

Constantine XI, Byzantine emperor

(Encyclopedia) Constantine XI (Constantine Palaeologus), d. 1453, last Byzantine emperor (1449–53), brother and successor of John VIII. To secure Western aid against the Turkish assault on what…

Gerontius

(Encyclopedia) GerontiusGerontiusjərŏnˈshəs [key], d. 411, Roman general, b. Britain. He at first supported the usurper Constantine (d. 411), and was left in charge of Spain. He set up (409) his own…

Burgkmair, Hans

(Encyclopedia) Burgkmair or Burckmair, HansBurgkmair or Burckmair, Hansboth: häns b&oobreve;rkˈmīər [key], 1473–1531, German engraver, woodcut designer, and painter. Having learned woodcutting…