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Mason, George

(Encyclopedia) Mason, George, 1725–92, American political leader, b. Fairfax co., Va. He was one of the most affluent of the colonial Virginia planters. In his triple capacity as trustee of…

Melanchthon, Philip

(Encyclopedia) Melanchthon, PhilipMelanchthon, Philipməlăngkˈthən [key], 1497–1560, German scholar and humanist. He was second only to Martin Luther as a figure in the Lutheran Reformation. His…

Cyril, Saint (St. Cyril of Alexandria)

(Encyclopedia) Cyril, Saint (Saint Cyril of Alexandria)Cyril, Saintsĭrˈəl [key], d. a.d. 444, patriarch of Alexandria (412–44), Doctor of the Church, known for his animosity toward heretics and…

Chernomyrdin, Viktor Stepanovich

(Encyclopedia) Chernomyrdin, Viktor StepanovichChernomyrdin, Viktor Stepanovichvyēkˈtôr styĭpänˈəvyĭch chərˌnōmĭrˈdən [key], 1938–2010, Soviet and Russian government official. Beginning in 1957, he…

Brahe, Tycho

(Encyclopedia) Brahe, TychoBrahe, Tychotīˈkō brä [key], 1546–1601, Danish astronomer. The most prominent astronomer of the late 16th cent., he paved the way for future discoveries by improving…

Breckinridge, John Cabell

(Encyclopedia) Breckinridge, John Cabell, 1821–75, Vice President of the United States (1857–61) and Confederate general, b. Lexington, Ky. A lawyer, Breckinridge served in the Kentucky legislature (…

Wyoming Valley

(Encyclopedia) Wyoming Valley, c.20 mi (30 km) long and 3 to 4 mi (4.8–6.4 km) wide, in Luzerne co., NE Pa., through which flows the Susquehanna River. Wilkes-Barre is the major city of this once-…

Toombs, Robert

(Encyclopedia) Toombs, Robert, 1810–85, American statesman, Confederate leader, b. Wilkes co., Ga. A successful lawyer in Georgia, he entered politics as a Whig, serving in the state legislature and…

Douglas, Stephen Arnold

(Encyclopedia) Douglas, Stephen Arnold, 1813–61, American statesman, b. Brandon, Vt. The Democratic national convention at Charleston, S.C., in 1860 adopted Douglas's recommendations in a platform…

Roger Sherman

Roger Sherman was an important — but often forgotten — member of the group of white men commonly called the “Founding Fathers” of the United States of America. Sherman is the only one of them to…