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Henry Clay

Henry Clay was a towering figure in American politics in the middle part of the 19th century, a presidential aspirant whose political skills earned him the nickname "The Great Compromiser." Clay…

Gregory XIII

(Encyclopedia) Gregory XIII, 1502–85, pope (1572–85), an Italian named Ugo Buoncompagni, b. Bologna; successor of St. Pius V. He is best known for his work on the calendar, and the reformed calendar…

Blanqui, Louis Auguste

(Encyclopedia) Blanqui, Louis AugusteBlanqui, Louis Augustelwē ôgüstˈ [key], 1805–81, French revolutionary and radical thinker. While a student in Paris, he joined (1824) a branch of the Carbonari, a…

Calhoun, John Caldwell

(Encyclopedia) Calhoun, John CaldwellCalhoun, John Caldwellkălˌh&oomacr;nˈ [key], 1782–1850, American statesman and political philosopher, b. near Abbeville, S.C., grad. Yale, 1804. He was an…

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

Historical BackgroundBy the mid-1850s, sectional conflict over the extension of slavery into the Western territories threatened to tear the nation apart. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854…

History of Slavery in America

What to the Slave is the 4th of July? As immortalized in the above Frederick Douglass quote, the United State has contended with the moral and economic problems of slavery from the beginning.…

Mulroney, Brian

(Encyclopedia) Mulroney, Brian (Martin Brian Mulroney)Mulroney, Brianmŭlrōˈnē, –r&oomacr;ˈnē [key], 1939–, Canadian prime minister (1984–93). Raised in Quebec in a working class family, Mulroney…

Mason, George

(Encyclopedia) Mason, George, 1725–92, American political leader, b. Fairfax co., Va. He was one of the most affluent of the colonial Virginia planters. In his triple capacity as trustee of…

Melanchthon, Philip

(Encyclopedia) Melanchthon, PhilipMelanchthon, Philipməlăngkˈthən [key], 1497–1560, German scholar and humanist. He was second only to Martin Luther as a figure in the Lutheran Reformation. His…