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Chmielnicki, Bohdan

(Encyclopedia) Chmielnicki, Khmelnytskyy or Khmelnitsky, BohdanChmielnicki, Khmelnytskyy or Khmelnitsky, Bohdanall: bəkhdänˈ khmĕlnētˈskē [key], c.1595–1657, hetman (leader) of Ukraine. An educated…

Broderick, David Colbreth

(Encyclopedia) Broderick, David ColbrethBroderick, David Colbrethbrōˈdərĭk [key], 1820–59, American politician, b. Washington, D.C. Brought up in New York City, he was active in Tammany Hall before…

Bell, John

(Encyclopedia) Bell, John, 1797–1869, American statesman, b. near Nashville, Tenn. A leading member of the Nashville bar, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives (1827–41), was speaker in 1834…

Randolph, John

(Encyclopedia) Randolph, John, 1773–1833, American legislator, known as John Randolph of Roanoke, b. Prince George co., Va. He briefly studied law under his cousin Edmund Randolph. He served in the U…

Barroso, José Manuel Durão

(Encyclopedia) Barroso, José Manuel DurãoBarroso, José Manuel Durãozh&oomacr;zĕˈ mänwĕlˈ d&oomacr;rouNˈ bärōˈz&oomacr; [key], 1956–, Portuguese politician, b. Lisbon. A leftist activist…

Deak, Francis

(Encyclopedia) Deak, Francis, Hung. Deák FerencDeak, Francis,dĕˈäk fĕˈrĕnts [key], 1803–76, Hungarian politician. A landed proprietor and lawyer, he entered the Hungarian diet in 1833 and became…

Allawi, Ayad

(Encyclopedia) Allawi, AyadAllawi, Ayadĕyädˈ äläˈwē [key], 1946–, Iraqi political leader. A doctor and prominent secular Shiite, he was a Ba'ath party member but went into exile in 1971. After a 1978…

Calixtus II

(Encyclopedia) Calixtus II,&sp;Callixtus II, or Callistus II, d. 1124, pope (1119–24), named Guy of Burgundy, successor of Gelasius II. The son of count William I of Burgundy, he was archbishop…

Zeno

(Encyclopedia) ZenoZenozēˈnō [key], d. 491, Roman emperor of the East (474–491). An Isaurian, he succeeded his son Leo II and was the son-in-law of Leo I. During his reign he suppressed several…

Basel, Council of

(Encyclopedia) Basel, Council of, 1431–49, first part of the 17th ecumenical council in the Roman Catholic Church. It is generally considered to have been ecumenical until it fell into heresy in 1437…