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bourgeoisie

(Encyclopedia) bourgeoisiebourgeoisieb&oobreve;rzhwäzēˈ [key], originally the name for the inhabitants of walled towns in medieval France; as artisans and craftsmen, the bourgeoisie occupied a…

Verona, city, Italy

(Encyclopedia) VeronaVeronavərôˈnä [key], city (1991 pop. 255,824), capital of Verona prov., Venetia, NE Italy, on the Adige River. It is a transportation junction and a major industrial and…

Gettysburg campaign

(Encyclopedia) Gettysburg campaign, June–July, 1863, series of decisive battles of the U.S. Civil War. The Gettysburg battles included more than 160,000 soldiers and many camp laborers. These…

formula, in chemistry

(Encyclopedia) formula, in chemistry, an expression showing the chemical composition of a compound. Formulas of compounds are used in writing the equations (see chemical equations) that represent…

topology

(Encyclopedia) CE5 Möbius strip: On the ordinary flat loop (A), an ant walking along the middle of the strip will pass only around the outside of the strip. If the strip is cut along the dotted…

Raglan, Fitzroy James Henry Somerset, 1st Baron

(Encyclopedia) Raglan, Fitzroy James Henry Somerset, 1st Baron, 1788–1855, British general. He entered the army in 1804 and was made (1814) a lieutenant colonel for his services on the duke of…

Stoph, Willi

(Encyclopedia) Stoph, WilliStoph, Willivĭlˈē shtôf [key], 1914–99, East German political leader. A member of the German Communist party from 1931, he helped build the East German Socialist Unity (…

Sonderbund

(Encyclopedia) SonderbundSonderbundzônˈdərb&oobreve;nt [key] [Ger.,=separate league], 1845–47, defensive league of seven Roman Catholic cantons of Switzerland; it was formed to protect Catholic…

Stanhope, James Stanhope, 1st Earl

(Encyclopedia) Stanhope, James Stanhope, 1st Earl, 1673–1721, English general and statesman. During the War of the Spanish Succession he participated in the capture (1705) of Barcelona, was appointed…

Sidmouth, Henry Addington, Viscount

(Encyclopedia) Sidmouth, Henry Addington, Viscount, 1757–1844, British statesman. He entered Parliament in 1784 and in 1789, through the sponsorship of William Pitt, became speaker of the House of…