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Osceola

(Encyclopedia) OsceolaOsceolaŏsēōˈlə, ō– [key], c.1800–1838, leader of the Seminole. He was also called Powell, the surname of his supposed white father. In the early 1830s, Osceola was living close…

Osterman, Andrei Ivanovich, Count

(Encyclopedia) Osterman, Andrei Ivanovich, CountOsterman, Andrei Ivanovich, Countəndrāˈ ēväˈnəvĭch əstyĭrmänˈ [key], 1686–1747, Russian statesman, b. Germany. His original name was Heinrich Johann…

free will

(Encyclopedia) free will, in philosophy, the doctrine that an individual, regardless of forces external to him, can and does choose at least some of his actions. The existence of free will is…

Franco, Francisco

(Encyclopedia) Franco, FranciscoFranco, Franciscofränthēsˈkō frängˈkō [key], 1892–1975, Spanish general and caudillo [leader]. He became a general at the age of 32 after commanding the Spanish…

Madhyamika

(Encyclopedia) MadhyamikaMadhyamikamädyŭˈmĭkə [key] [Skt.,=of the middle], philosophical school of Mahayana Buddhism, based on the teaching of “emptiness” (see sunyata) and named for its adherence to…

Chase, Salmon Portland

(Encyclopedia) Chase, Salmon Portland, 1808–73, American public official and jurist, 6th chief justice of the United States (1864–73), b. Cornish, N.H. Admitted to the bar in 1829, he defended…

bourgeoisie

(Encyclopedia) bourgeoisiebourgeoisieb&oobreve;rzhwäzēˈ [key], originally the name for the inhabitants of walled towns in medieval France; as artisans and craftsmen, the bourgeoisie occupied a…

Borgia, Cesare

(Encyclopedia) Borgia, Cesare or CaesarBorgia, Cesare or Caesarchāˈzärā [key]Borgia, Cesare or Caesar bōrˈjä [key], 1476–1507, Italian soldier and politician, younger son of Pope Alexander VI and an…

Verona, city, Italy

(Encyclopedia) VeronaVeronavərôˈnä [key], city (1991 pop. 255,824), capital of Verona prov., Venetia, NE Italy, on the Adige River. It is a transportation junction and a major industrial and…

skepticism

(Encyclopedia) skepticismskepticismskĕpˈtĭsĭzəm [key] [Gr.,=to reflect], philosophic position holding that the possibility of knowledge is limited either because of the limitations of the mind or…