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socialist realism

(Encyclopedia) socialist realism, Soviet artistic and literary doctrine. The role of literature and art in Soviet society was redefined in 1932 when the newly created Union of Soviet Writers…

Vishinsky, Andrei Yanuarievich

(Encyclopedia) Vishinsky or Vyshinsky, Andrei YanuarievichVishinsky or Vyshinsky, Andrei Yanuarievichboth: əndrāˈ yən&oomacr;ärˈyĭvĭch vĭshēnˈskē [key], 1883–1954, Soviet diplomat and jurist. He…

Faizabad, city, Afghanistan

(Encyclopedia) Faizabad or FeyzabadFaizabadboth : fīˈzəbăd, fīzäbädˈ [key], city (1992 est. pop. 9,098), capital of Badakhshan prov., NE Afghanistan, on the Kokcha River. The chief commercial and…

Kádár, János

(Encyclopedia) Kádár, JánosKádár, Jánosyäˈnôsh käˈdär [key], 1912–89, Hungarian Communist leader. In 1932 he joined the then illegal Communist party and held high government and party posts from 1942…

Grossman, Vasily Semenovich

(Encyclopedia) Grossman, Vasily Semenovich, 1905–64, Russian novelist and journalist, b. Berdichev (now Berdychiv, Ukraine). He graduated (1929) from Moscow State Univ., published novels and short…

Warsaw Treaty Organization

(Encyclopedia) Warsaw Treaty Organization or Warsaw Pact, alliance set up under a mutual defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, in 1955 by Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary,…

Timoshenko, Semyon Konstantinovich

(Encyclopedia) Timoshenko, Semyon KonstantinovichTimoshenko, Semyon Konstantinovichsĭmyônˈ kənstəntyēˈnəvĭch tyēməshĕnˈkə [key], 1895–1970, Soviet marshal. He served in the civil war of 1918–20 as a…

Aliyev, Heydar

(Encyclopedia) Aliyev, HeydarAliyev, Heydarkhāˈdär älēˈyĕf [key], 1923–2003, Azerbaijani political leader, president of Azerbaijan (1993–2003), b. Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, grad. Azerbaijan…

Katyn

(Encyclopedia) KatynKatynkətĭnˈ [key], village, W central European Russia, 12 mi (19 km) W of Smolensk. During World War II, when it was part of the USSR, it was occupied by the Germans in Aug., 1941…

Communist party, in Russia and the Soviet Union

(Encyclopedia) See L. Schapiro, The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (2d ed. 1971); S. F. Cohen, Rethinking the Soviet Experience (1985); M. Geller, Utopia in Power (1986); S. Carter, Russian…