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What exactly was the Soviet Union?

The former USSR and its constituent republics The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was an immense country that spanned from Europe all the way to the Pacific Ocean. It was one of the…

soviet

(Encyclopedia) soviet, primary unit in the political organization of the former USSR. The term is the Russian word for council. The first soviets were revolutionary committees organized by Russian…

Soviet Staffed Space Flight Programs

Vostok. The Soviets's first staffed capsule, roughly spherical, used to place the first six cosmonauts in Earth orbit (1961–1965). Voskhod. Adaptation of the Vostok capsule to accommodate…

Guide to New Nations: Former Soviet Union

by David Johnson Estonia One of the first Soviet republics to break away, Estonia declared its independence from the Soviet Union in March 1990. Although the Soviet Union was at…

Movies and Film: Some Soviet Movies Worth Watching

Some Soviet Movies Worth WatchingMovies and FilmEastern European Film HistoryVolga Displays: A Brief History of Russian FilmmakingOther Eastern European Cinemas: Czechoslovakia, Hungary, PolandAvant-…

U-2 incident

(Encyclopedia) U-2 incident, in U.S. and Soviet history, the events following the Soviet downing of an American U-2 high altitude reconnaissance aircraft over Soviet territory on May 1, 1960. The…

Tereshkova, Valentina Vladimirovna

(Encyclopedia) Tereshkova, Valentina Vladimirovna, 1937–, Soviet cosmonaut. She was the first woman to orbit the earth, in Vostok 6 on June 16–19, 1963. She left the Soviet space program soon after…

Sakharov, Andrei Dmitriyevich

(Encyclopedia) Sakharov, Andrei Dmitriyevich, 1921–89, Soviet nuclear physicist and human-rights advocate; first Soviet citizen to receive the Nobel Peace Prize (1975). From 1948 to 1956 he helped to…

Konev, Ivan Stepanovich

(Encyclopedia) Konev, Ivan StepanovichKonev, Ivan Stepanovichēvänˈ styĭpäˈnəvĭch kôˈnyĭf [key], 1897–1973, Soviet field marshal. In World War II he reconquered (1944–45) Ukraine and S Poland from the…

Shushkevich, Stanislav Stanislavovich

(Encyclopedia) Shushkevich, Stanislav Stanislavovich, Belarusian Stanislau Stanislavavich Shushkevich, 1934–, Belarusian political leader and scientist, first head of state of independent Belarus…