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Pew Charitable Trusts

(Encyclopedia) Pew Charitable Trusts, philanthropic foundation established (1948) by the children of Sun Oil Company founder Joseph N. Pew (1886–1963) of Philadelphia to provide funds for “general…

Passamaquoddy Bay

(Encyclopedia) Passamaquoddy BayPassamaquoddy Baypăsəməkwŏdˈē [key], inlet of the Bay of Fundy, between Maine and New Brunswick, at the mouth of the St. Croix River. Most of it (including Campobello…

Parkes, Sir Henry

(Encyclopedia) Parkes, Sir Henry, 1815–96, Australian political leader, b. England. He emigrated to Australia in 1839 and later founded a newspaper, the Empire, to advocate responsible government and…

Bassett, Edward Murray

(Encyclopedia) Bassett, Edward Murray, 1863–1948, American urban planner, b. Brooklyn, N.Y., grad. Amherst College, 1884, Columbia law school, 1886. He practiced law in Buffalo (1886–92) and New York…

Starmer, Sir Keir Rodney

(Encyclopedia) Starmer, Sir Keir Rodney, 1962–, British political leader. A member of the Labour party, he was a human-rights lawyer before becoming director of public prosecutions and head of the…

Salon

(Encyclopedia) Salon, annual exhibition of art works chosen by jury and presented by the French Academy since 1737; it was originally held in the Salon d'Apollon of the Louvre. By the mid-19th cent.…

Ballivián, José

(Encyclopedia) Ballivián, JoséBallivián, Joséhōsāˈ bäyēvyänˈ [key], 1805–52, president of Bolivia (1841–47). An able military commander who had served in the war against Spain, Ballivián was…

Richmond upon Thames

(Encyclopedia) Richmond upon Thames, outer borough (1991 pop. 154,600) of Greater London, SE England. The borough was created in 1965 by the merger of the municipal boroughs of Barnes, Richmond, and…

Jim Crow laws

(Encyclopedia) Jim Crow laws, in U.S. history, statutes enacted by Southern states and municipalities, beginning in the 1880s, that legalized segregation between blacks and whites. The name is…