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Eisner, Kurt

(Encyclopedia) Eisner, KurtEisner, Kurtk&oobreve;rtˈ īsˈnər [key], 1867–1919, German socialist. He studied at the Friedrich Wilhelm Univ. in Berlin and edited several leading socialist newspapers…

Monge, Gaspard, comte de Péluse

(Encyclopedia) Monge, Gaspard, comte de PéluseMonge, Gaspard, comte de Pélusegäspärˈ môNzh kôNt də pālüzˈ [key], 1746–1818, French mathematician, physicist, and public official. He was distinguished…

Muhammad Zahir Shah

(Encyclopedia) Muhammad Zahir ShahMuhammad Zahir Shahməhămˈəd [key]Muhammad Zahir Shahzäˈhĕr shä [key], 1914–2007, last king of Afghanistan. In 1933 he became king after his father, Muhammad Nadir…

Bonifácio, José

(Encyclopedia) Bonifácio, JoséBonifácio, Josézh&oomacr;zāˈ bônēfäˈsēō [key], 1763–1838, Brazilian statesman and scientist. He studied in Europe and gained international fame as a geologist before…

Carrero Blanco, Luis

(Encyclopedia) Carrero Blanco, LuisCarrero Blanco, Luisl&oomacr;ēsˈ kär-rāˈrō blängˈkō [key], 1903–73, Spanish statesman and naval officer. Following the Spanish civil war, during which he served…

Peter II, king of Yugoslovia

(Encyclopedia) Peter II, 1923–70, king of Yugoslavia (1934–45). He succeeded under the regency of his cousin, Prince Paul, when his father, King Alexander, was assassinated in Marseilles. In World…

Sharp, James

(Encyclopedia) Sharp, James, 1613–79, Scottish prelate. As a Presbyterian minister, Sharp became (1650) a leader of the moderate wing of the Scottish church called the Resolutioners. He was captured…

Simeon II

(Encyclopedia) Simeon II,&sp;Simeon Borisov Sakskoburggotski, or Simeon Borisov Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, 1937–, czar (1943–46) and premier (2001–5) of Bulgaria. He succeeded his father, Boris III,…

Salmasius, Claudius

(Encyclopedia) Salmasius, ClaudiusSalmasius, Claudiusklôdˈēəs sălmāˈshəs [key], 1588–1653, French humanist and philologist. Salmasius is known in French as Claude de Saumaise. After studying Latin…

Récamier, Juliette

(Encyclopedia) Récamier, JulietteRécamier, Juliettezhülyĕtˈ rākämyāˈ [key], 1777–1849, celebrated French beauty and social figure, née Jeanne Françoise Julie Adelaïde Bernard. At 15 she married…