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sandpaper

(Encyclopedia) sandpaper, abrasive originally made by gluing grains of sand to heavy paper sheets. Today sandpaper is made primarily with quartz, aluminum oxide, or silicon carbide grains, and is…

Paxton, Sir Joseph

(Encyclopedia) Paxton, Sir Joseph, 1803–65, English architect, noted for his use of glass and iron in a proto-modern manner. Beginning his career as a gardener and estate manager, he then built two…

lien

(Encyclopedia) lien, claim or charge held by one party, on property owned by a second party, as security for payment of some debt, obligation, or duty owed by that second party. A lien may arise by…

Hamm, Mia

(Encyclopedia) Hamm, MiaHamm, Miamēˈə [key] (Mariel Margaret Hamm), 1972–, U.S. soccer player, b. Selma, Ala. The best all-around women's soccer player of her generation, she was perhaps most…

Jones, Robert Edmond

(Encyclopedia) Jones, Robert Edmond, 1887–1954, American scene designer, b. Milton, N.H. With his design in 1915 for The Man Who Married a Dumb Wife, a new era of scene design began in the United…

bee balm

(Encyclopedia) bee balm, name for several herbs, especially Melissa officinalis and Monarda didyma, both typical perennials of the family Labiatae (mint family) named for their fragrance, attractive…

saffron

(Encyclopedia) saffron, name for a fall-flowering plant (Crocus sativus) of the family Iridaceae (iris family) and also for a dye obtained therefrom. The plant is native to Asia Minor, where for…

vase

(Encyclopedia) vase, vessel of pottery, glass, metal, stone, wood, or synthetic material. The pottery vase was anciently employed as a container for water (a hydria), wine and other products (an…

Malcolm, Janet

(Encyclopedia) Malcolm, Janet 1934-2021, American journalist and author, b. Prague, Czechoslovakia, as Jana Klara Wienerova, Univ. of Michigan (B.A…

incubator

(Encyclopedia) incubator, apparatus for the maintenance of controlled conditions in which eggs can be hatched artificially. Incubator houses with double walls of mud, a fireroom, and several…