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adaptation

(Encyclopedia) adaptation, in biology, has several meanings. It can mean the adjustment of living matter to environmental conditions and to other living things either in an organism's lifetime (…

Otway, Thomas

(Encyclopedia) Otway, Thomas, 1652–85, English dramatist, educated at Winchester and at Oxford. After failing as an actor, Otway wrote his first play, Alcibiades, produced in 1675. Later plays…

Mitchell, Margaret

(Encyclopedia) Mitchell, Margaret, 1900–1949, American novelist, b. Atlanta, Ga. Her one novel, Gone with the Wind (1936; Pulitzer Prize), a romantic, panoramic portrait of the Civil War and…

ethnocentrism

(Encyclopedia) ethnocentrism, the feeling that one's group has a mode of living, values, and patterns of adaptation that are superior to those of other groups. It is coupled with a generalized…

plant breeding

(Encyclopedia) plant breeding, science of altering the genetic pattern of plants in order to increase their value. Increased crop yield is the primary aim of most plant-breeding programs; advantages…

Gerard, John

(Encyclopedia) Gerard, JohnGerard, Johnjĕrˈärd, jərärdˈ [key], 1545–1612, English botanist and barber-surgeon. He compiled a catalog (1596) of the plants in his garden, the first of its kind to be…

Arne, Thomas Augustine

(Encyclopedia) Arne, Thomas AugustineArne, Thomas Augustineärn [key], 1710–78, English composer. Arne composed the song Rule, Britannia, based on an ode by James Thomson. He composed new music for an…

Vien, Joseph-Marie

(Encyclopedia) Vien, Joseph-MarieVien, Joseph-Mariezhôzëfˈ-märēˈ vyăNˈ [key], 1716–1809, French neoclassical painter. A protégé of the comte de Caylus, he won the Prix de Rome and studied in Italy.…