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Decapolis

(Encyclopedia) DecapolisDecapolisdēkăpˈəlĭs [key] [Gr.,=ten cities], confederacy of 10 ancient cities, all E of the Jordan, except Scythopolis. The others were (according to Pliny) Dion, Pella,…

Baunsgård, Hilmar

(Encyclopedia) Baunsgård, HilmarBaunsgård, Hilmarhĭlˈmər bounsˈgôr [key], 1920–90. Danish politician. A businessman, he was president of the youth organization of the Social-Liberal party (1948–50)…

Wells, David Ames

(Encyclopedia) Wells, David Ames, 1828–98, American economist, b. Springfield, Mass., grad. Williams, 1847, and Lawrence Scientific School, Cambridge, Mass., 1851. Early in life he wrote several…

Individual Retirement Account

(Encyclopedia) Individual Retirement Account (IRA), tax-sheltered retirement plan, originally created (1974) to assist individuals not covered by company pensions. Under the U.S. tax law of 1981, IRA…

Desmarets, Nicolas

(Encyclopedia) Desmarets, NicolasDesmarets, Nicolasnēkôläˈ dāmärāˈ [key], 1648–1721, French statesman; the nephew of Jean Baptiste Colbert. He became director of finances in 1703 and succeeded Michel…

monetarism

(Encyclopedia) monetarism, economic theory that monetary policy, or control of the money supply, is the primary if not sole determinant of a nation's economy. Monetarists believe that management of…

Majorian

(Encyclopedia) Majorian (Julius Maiorianus)Majorianməjôrˈēən [key], d.461, Roman emperor of the West (457–61). He became emperor after he and Ricimer had deposed Avitus. An able and honest ruler,…

Gadsden, Christopher

(Encyclopedia) Gadsden, ChristopherGadsden, Christophergădzˈdən [key], 1724–1805, American Revolutionary leader, b. Charleston, S.C., educated in England. He returned to Charleston (1746) and became…

hidalgo, in Spanish nobility

(Encyclopedia) hidalgohidalgohēdälˈgō [key] [contraction of Span. hijo de algo=son of something], term designating the lowest degree of Spanish nobility, a rank above the ordinary gentry but below…

Marcian

(Encyclopedia) MarcianMarcianmärˈshən [key], 396–457, Roman emperor of the East (450–57); successor of Theodosius II, whose sister Pulcheria he married in 450. Orthodox in religious affairs, he…