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Gray, John Chipman

(Encyclopedia) Gray, John Chipman, 1839–1915, American lawyer and teacher, b. Brighton, Mass. A graduate of Harvard Law School (1861), he served in the Civil War and then entered law practice in…

Cecco d'Ascoli

(Encyclopedia) Cecco d'AscoliCecco d'Ascolichĕkˈkō däsˈkōlē [key], 1269?–1327, Italian astrologer, mathematician, poet, and physician, whose real name was Francesco degli Stabili, b. Ascoli. A…

Carmona, António Oscar de Fragoso

(Encyclopedia) Carmona, António Oscar de FragosoCarmona, António Oscar de Fragosoəntôˈnyō əshkärˈ dĭ frəgôˈs&oobreve; kərmôˈnə [key], 1869–1951, Portuguese general. One of the leaders of the…

Pordenone, Giovanni Antonio de

(Encyclopedia) Pordenone, Giovanni Antonio dePordenone, Giovanni Antonio dejōvänˈnē äntôˈnyō dā pōrdānôˈnā [key], c.1484–1539, Venetian painter. His real name was Giovanni Antonio de Sacchis. He…

Samaroff, Olga

(Encyclopedia) Samaroff, OlgaSamaroff, Olgasəmäˈrôf [key], 1882–1948, American pianist and educator, whose real name was Hickenlooper, b. San Antonio, Tex.; studied at the Paris Conservatory. Her…

Gracq, Julien

(Encyclopedia) Gracq, JulienGracq, Julienzh&oomacr;lyăNˈ gräk [key], 1910–2007, French novelist, whose real name was Louis Poirier. Strongly influenced by surrealism and German romanticism, Gracq…

Gotthelf, Jeremias

(Encyclopedia) Gotthelf, JeremiasGotthelf, Jeremiasyārāmēˈäs gôtˈhĕlf [key], 1797–1854, Swiss writer and clergyman. His real name was Albert Bitzius; his pen name is that of the hero of his…

illusionism

(Encyclopedia) illusionism, in art, a kind of visual trickery in which painted forms seem to be real. It is sometimes called trompe l'oeil [Fr.,=fool the eye]. The development of one-point…

Howard, Sir Ebenezer

(Encyclopedia) Howard, Sir Ebenezer, 1850–1928, English town planner, principal founder of the English garden-city movement. His To-morrow: a Peaceful Path to Real Reform (1898), reissued as Garden…

McTaggart, John McTaggart Ellis

(Encyclopedia) McTaggart, John McTaggart Ellis, 1866–1925, British philosopher. A student of G. W. Hegel, by whom he was strongly influenced, he taught at Trinity College, Cambridge (1897–1923).…