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Nijmegen

(Encyclopedia) NijmegenNijmegennīˈmāˌgən [key], city (1994 pop. 147,018), Gelderland prov., E Netherlands, on the Waal River, near the German border. It is a rail and water transportation point and…

Cateau-Cambrésis, Treaty of

(Encyclopedia) Cateau-Cambrésis, Treaty ofCateau-Cambrésis, Treaty ofkätōˈ-käNbrāzēˈ [key], 1559, concluded at Le Cateau, France, by representatives of Henry II of France, Philip II of Spain, and…

Pole, Reginald

(Encyclopedia) Pole, Reginald, 1500–1558, English churchman, archbishop of Canterbury (1556–58), cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was a cousin of the Tudors, being the son of Sir Richard…

Sixtus V

(Encyclopedia) Sixtus V, 1521–90, pope (1585–90), an Italian (b. near Montalto) named Felice Peretti; successor of Gregory XIII. He entered the Franciscan order in early youth. After ordination (1547…

Egmont, Lamoral, count of

(Encyclopedia) Egmont, Lamoral, count ofEgmont, Lamoral, count ofläˌmōrälˈ, ĕgˈmônt [key], 1522–68, Flemish general and statesman, member of one of the noblest families of the Netherlands. In the…

Utrecht , city, Netherlands

(Encyclopedia) Utrecht, city (1994 pop. 234,106), capital of Utrecht prov., central Netherlands, on a branch of the Lower Rhine (Neder Rijn) River. It is a transportation, financial, and industrial…

Menéndez de Avilés, Pedro

(Encyclopedia) Menéndez de Avilés, PedroMenéndez de Avilés, Pedropāˈᵺrō mānānˈdĕth dā ävēlāsˈ [key], 1519–74, Spanish naval officer and colonizer, founder of Saint Augustine, Fla. He went to sea as a…

Leicester, Robert Dudley, earl of

(Encyclopedia) Leicester, Robert Dudley, earl ofLeicester, Robert Dudley, earl oflĕsˈtər [key], 1532?–1588, English courtier and favorite of Queen Elizabeth I. A younger son of John Dudley, duke of…

League

(Encyclopedia) League or Holy League, in French history, organization of Roman Catholics, aimed at the suppression of Protestantism and Protestant political influence in France. It was foreshadowed…

Russell

(Encyclopedia) Russell, English noble family. It first appeared prominently in the reign of Henry VIII when John Russell, 1st earl of Bedford, 1486?–1555, rose to military and diplomatic importance.…