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Carlos, prince of the Asturias

(Encyclopedia) Carlos, 1545–68, prince of the Asturias, son of Philip II of Spain and Maria of Portugal. Don Carlos, who seems to have been mentally unbalanced and subject to fits of homicidal mania…

Benedict XI

(Encyclopedia) Benedict XI, d. 1304, pope (1303–4), an Italian (b. Treviso) named Niccolo Boccasini; successor of Boniface VIII. Prior to his election he had been master general of the Dominican…

Joanna, Spanish queen of Castile

(Encyclopedia) Joanna (Joanna the Mad), 1479–1555, Spanish queen of Castile and León (1504–55), daughter of Ferdinand II and Isabella I. She succeeded to Castile and León at the death of her mother.…

Piaget, Jean

(Encyclopedia) Piaget, JeanPiaget, JeanzhäNpyäˈjā [key], 1896–1980, Swiss psychologist, known for his research in developmental psychology. After receiving a degree in zoology from the Univ. of…

artificial insemination

(Encyclopedia) artificial insemination, technique involving the artificial injection of sperm-containing semen from a male into a female to cause pregnancy. Artificial insemination is often used in…

Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th earl of

(Encyclopedia) Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th earl of, 1694–1773, English statesman and author. A noted wit and orator, his long public career, begun in 1715, included an ambassadorship to…

Theopompus

(Encyclopedia) TheopompusTheopompusthēˌōpŏmˈpəs [key], fl. 4th cent. b.c., Greek historian and rhetorician, b. Chios. He studied with the orator Isocrates and became a friend of both Philip and…

pedophilia

(Encyclopedia) pedophilia, psychosexual disorder in which there is a preference for sexual activity with prepubertal children. Pedophiles are almost always males. The children are more often of the…

Armour, Philip Danforth

(Encyclopedia) Armour, Philip DanforthArmour, Philip Danforthärˈmər [key], 1832–1901, American meatpacker, b. Stockbridge, N.Y. Armour's Chicago meatpacking plants introduced new principles of large-…

Philippics

(Encyclopedia) PhilippicsPhilippicsfĭlĭpˈĭks [key], series of four denunciations of Philip II of Macedon by Demosthenes. The scathing polemics of Cicero against Marc Antony are also called Philippics.