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president

(Encyclopedia) president, in modern republics, the chief executive and, therefore, the highest officer in a government. Many nations of the world, including the United States, France, Germany, India…

international language

(Encyclopedia) international language, sometimes called universal language, a language intended to be used by people of different linguistic backgrounds to facilitate communication among them and to…

patristic literature

(Encyclopedia) patristic literature, Christian writings of the first few centuries. They are chiefly in Greek and Latin; there is analogous writing in Syriac and in Armenian. The first period of…

Alegría, Ciro

(Encyclopedia) Alegría, CiroAlegría, Cirosēˈrō älāgrēˈä [key], 1909–67, Peruvian novelist. Imprisoned several times for his political activities, Alegría was exiled to Chile in 1934. He gained fame…

frijole

(Encyclopedia) frijolefrijolefrēhōˈlē [key] [Span. fríjol ], in Mexico and the Spanish-American countries, any cultivated bean of the genus Phaseolus. The term frijole refers to the small, flat,…

Fronto

(Encyclopedia) Fronto (Marcus Cornelius Fronto)Frontofrŏnˈtō [key], fl. 2d cent., Roman teacher and rhetorician, b. Numidia, Africa. Antoninus Pius made him consul in 143. A successful teacher and…

Genovesi, Antonio

(Encyclopedia) Genovesi, AntonioGenovesi, Antonioäntôˈnyō jānōvĕˈzē [key], 1712–69, Italian philosopher and economist, a pioneer in writing philosophy in Italian instead of in Latin. Genovesi…

Gildas, Saint

(Encyclopedia) Gildas, SaintGildas, Saintgĭlˈdəs [key], d. 570, British historian, possibly a Welsh monk. Shortly before 547 he wrote the De excidio et conquestu Britanniae, a Latin history of…

Grace, William Russell

(Encyclopedia) Grace, William Russell, 1832–1904, American financier, b. Queenstown, Ireland. He was in business in England and Peru before establishing (1865) W. R. Grace & Company in New York…

Grotefend, Georg Friedrich

(Encyclopedia) Grotefend, Georg FriedrichGrotefend, Georg Friedrichgāˈôrkh frēˈdrĭkh grōˈtəfĕnt [key], 1775–1853, German archaeologist and philologist. He specialized in Latin and Italian and wrote…