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2005 PEN Literary Award Winners

PEN/Laura Pels Foundation Awards for Drama Wallace Shawn Dael Orlandersmith PEN/Phyllis Naylor Working Writer Fellowship Amanda Jenkins PEN/Martha Albrand Award for First Nonfiction…

tartaric acid

(Encyclopedia) tartaric acid, HO2CCHOHCHOHCO2H, white crystalline dicarboxylic acid. It occurs as three distinct isomers, the dextro-, levo-, and meso- forms. The dextro- and levo- forms are…

Montferrat

(Encyclopedia) MontferratMontferratmŏntfərătˈ, –rätˈ [key], Ital. Monferrato, historic region of Piedmont, NW Italy, south of the Po River, now mostly in Alessandria prov. It is largely hilly, and…

Conway Cabal

(Encyclopedia) Conway Cabal, 1777, intrigue in the American Revolution to remove George Washington as commander in chief of the Continental Army. Washington had been defeated at Brandywine and…

Yung-lo

(Encyclopedia) Yung-loYung-loy&oomacr;ng-lô [key], 1359–1424, reign title of the 3d emperor (1403–24) of the Chinese Ming dynasty, whose personal name was Chu Ti. He rose to power in N China…

2001 Deaths: R - Z

Francisco RabalAlan RafkinJoey RamoneFred RaphaelSimon RavenMaureen ReaganDick RehbeinJames RhodesMordecai RichlerBill RigneyRobert RimmerS. Dillon RipleyMichael RitchieGordon RitzJohn…

statistics

(Encyclopedia) statistics, science of collecting and classifying a group of facts according to their relative number and determining certain values that represent characteristics of the group. The…

Kingsley, Charles

(Encyclopedia) Kingsley, Charles, 1819–75, English author and clergyman. Ordained in 1842, he became vicar of Eversley in Hampshire in 1844. From 1848 to 1852 he published tracts advocating Christian…

Leadville

(Encyclopedia) LeadvilleLeadvillelĕdˈvĭl [key], mining city (1990 pop. 2,629), alt. c.10,200 ft (3,110 m), seat of Lake co., central Colo., near the headwaters of the Arkansas River, in the Rocky Mts…