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Pirogov, Nikolai Ivanovich

(Encyclopedia) Pirogov, Nikolai IvanovichPirogov, Nikolai Ivanovichnyĭkəlīˈ ēväˈnəvĭch pĭrōgôfˈ [key], 1810–81, Russian surgeon, b. Moscow. He entered Moscow Univ. at the age of 14 and completed the…

Passos Coelho, Pedro

(Encyclopedia) Passos Coelho, Pedro (Pedro Manuel Mamede Passos Coelho)Passos Coelho, Pedropĕˈdrō päˈs&oomacr;sh kwĕlˈ&oomacr; [key], 1964–, Portuguese political leader, grad. Lusíada Univ.,…

O'Hara, John

(Encyclopedia) O'Hara, John, 1905–70, American novelist and short-story writer, b. Pottsville, Pa. He worked at a number of jobs and ultimately became a newspaperman before the appearance of his…

American Medical Association

(Encyclopedia) American Medical Association (AMA), professional physicians' organization (founded 1847). Its goals are to protect the interests of American physicians, advance public health, and…

Stratford, John de

(Encyclopedia) Stratford, John de, d. 1348, English ecclesiastic, archbishop of Canterbury, 1333–48. A doctor of civil and canon law, he was a legal adviser to the court of Edward II and several…

Hecht, Ben

(Encyclopedia) Hecht, BenHecht, Benhĕkt [key], 1894–1964, American writer, b. New York City. He grew up in Wisconsin and, while still in his teens, worked on newspapers in Chicago. Early in his…

Ryazanov, Eldar Aleksandrovich

(Encyclopedia) Ryazanov, Eldar Aleksandrovich, 1927–2015, Russian film director and screenwriter, b. Samara, grad. State Institute of Cinematography (1950). Probably Russia's most popular filmmaker,…

Abe, Kobo

(Encyclopedia) Abe, Kobo Abe, Kobo kōˈbō äˈbā [key], pseud. of Kimifusa Abe, 1924–93, Japanese novelist and dramatist. Although Abe trained as a doctor, he never…

managed health care

(Encyclopedia) managed health care, system of health-care delivery that aims to control costs by assigning set fees for services, monitoring the need for procedures such as tests and surgical…

Kouchner, Bernard

(Encyclopedia) Kouchner, BernardKouchner, Bernardbârnärˈ k&oomacr;shnârˈ [key], 1939–, French physician, diplomat, and politician. A gastroenterologist by training, he earned his medical degree…