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Jack the Ripper

(Encyclopedia) Jack the Ripper, name given to an unidentified late-19th-century murderer in London, England; also known as the Whitechapel Murderer and Leather Apron. From Aug. to Nov., 1888, he was…

MF DOOM

(Encyclopedia) MF DOOM, 1971-2020, African-American rap artist, b. London, England, as Daniel Dumile. Although born in London, Dumile was raised on…

Alain de Lille

(Encyclopedia) Alain de LilleAlain de LilleälăNˈ də lēl [key], c.1128–c.1202, French scholastic philosopher, a Cistercian, honored by his contemporaries as the Universal Doctor. He was born in Lille…

Frankland, William

(Encyclopedia) Frankland, William (Alfred William Frankland), 1912–2020, British allergist and immunologist. He studied medicine at Queens College, Oxford, and St. Mary's Hospital Medical School (now…

bromide

(Encyclopedia) bromide, any of a group of compounds that contain bromine and a more electropositive element or radical. Bromides are formed by the reaction of bromine or a bromide with another…

Brown, William Wells

(Encyclopedia) Brown, William Wells, 1814–84, African-American abolitionist, writer, and doctor, b. near Lexington, Ky. Born into slavery, the child of a black slave mother and a white slaveholding…

Blackwell, Elizabeth

(Encyclopedia) Blackwell, Elizabeth, 1821–1910, American physician, b. England; sister of Henry Brown Blackwell. She was the first woman in the United States to receive a medical degree, which was…

Bernard of Clairvaux, Saint

(Encyclopedia) Bernard of Clairvaux, SaintBernard of Clairvaux, Saintklrvōˈ [key], 1090?–1153, French churchman, mystic, Doctor of the Church. Born of noble family, in 1112 he entered the Cistercian…

Romains, Jules

(Encyclopedia) Romains, JulesRomains, Juleszhül rômăNˈ [key], 1885–1972, French writer, whose original name was Louis Farigoule. A brilliant student of philosophy, he became known as the chief…

Pirogov, Nikolai Ivanovich

(Encyclopedia) Pirogov, Nikolai IvanovichPirogov, Nikolai Ivanovichnyĭkəlīˈ ēväˈnəvĭch pĭrōgôfˈ [key], 1810–81, Russian surgeon, b. Moscow. He entered Moscow Univ. at the age of 14 and completed the…