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Historical BackgroundAfter World War II, the United States experienced another period of intense concern about the spread of communism abroad and fear of subversion at home. The Federal Government enacted a program requiring all employees to take loyalty oaths, while U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy claimed there were communist agents in… Read more
Historical BackgroundBy the mid-1850s, sectional conflict over the extension of slavery into the Western territories threatened to tear the nation apart. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 destroyed the tenuous balance struck 34 years before between “free States“ and “slave States“ in the Missouri Compromise. Under the banner of “popular… Read more
Historical BackgroundAt the time of the Cruzan case, about 10,000 Americans were living in a persistent, comatose state. No one was sure who, if anyone, had the authority to end these people's lives. Healthy older people became depressed by the possibility of living in such a condition during the last years of their lives. Under such… Read more
Case SummaryIn 1972, the Communist Party of Indiana was denied a place on the presidential ballot because it refused to provide an affidavit, sworn under oath, that it did not advocate the forcible overthrow of the government. After losing a court challenge, the Party appealed to the Supreme Court.The Court's DecisionThe Court held that… Read more
Historical BackgroundBetween 1866 and 1875, Congress passed several civil rights acts to implement the 13th and 14th amendments. One was the Civil Rights Act of 1875, which imposed various criminal penalties against private businesses that practiced racial discrimination. Penalties were imposed on any owner of a public establishment or… Read more
Case SummaryCities, including Philadelphia, and landfill operators, sued to challenge a New Jersey law that prevented out-of-State waste from being treated or disposed of within New Jersey. The trial court judge declared the law unconstitutional because it violated the Commerce Clause, by which the Constitution prevents States from… Read more
Historical BackgroundPerhaps no other case decided by the Court in the 20th century has had so profound an effect on the social fabric of America as Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. By the end of World War II, dramatic changes in American race relations were already underway. The integration of labor unions in the 1930s under the eye… Read more
Case SummaryMorris and others who lived and voted in Brooklyn, the most populous borough of New York City, claimed that the method of electing members of the Board of Estimate violated the Equal Protection Clause, because representation was not proportional to population. The trial court found for Morris. The Court of Appeals affirmed, and… Read more
Case SummaryIn the State legislature of Tennessee, representation was determined by a 1901 law setting the number of legislators for each county. Urban areas, which had grown greatly in population since 1901, were underrepresented. Mayor Baker of Nashville brought suit, saying that the apportionment denied voters of urban areas equal… Read more
Case SummaryA federal district court and Court of Appeals ruled against New York City, stating that the city could not have public school teachers provide supplemental instruction to disadvantaged students at religious schools during regular school hours. The city then sought Supreme Court review.The Court's DecisionIn a 5-4 decision, the… Read more
The following list includes the major decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court during the 2008-2009 term, and the number of votes on rulings that include execution, finance, rape, retirement, injury, discrimination, Guantanamo Bay detainees, and more. Tobacco Companies Suffer a Defeat in the Supreme Court (December… Read more
The following list includes the major decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court during the 2007–2008 term, and the number of votes on rulings that include execution, finance, rape, retirement, injury, discrimination, Guantanamo Bay detainees, and more. Justices Grant Last-Minute Stay of Execution (Oct. 30, 2007… Read more
Supreme Court Rules Against Considering Race to Integrate Schools: Bitterly divided court rules, 5-4, that programs in Seattle and Louisville, Ky., that tried to maintain diversity in schools by considering race when assigning students to schools are unconstitutional.
Court Upholds Ban on Abortion Procedure: The ruling, 5-4, which upholds the… Read more
Philadelphia, Pa.Designed in 1934 by Graham, Anderson, Probst, and White photo by Carol M. Highsmith The American Institute of Architects and Harris Interactive selected 30th Street Station as one of America's Favorite Structures, based on interviews with AIA members and a poll of about 1,800 adults.Related Links… Read more
Mayor: Nancy McFarlane (to Nov. 2015) 2010 census population (rank): 403,892 (43); Male: 195,143 (48.3%); Female: 208,749 (51.7%); White: 232,377 (57.5%); Black: 118,471 (29.3%); American Indian and Alaska Native: 1,963 (0.5%); Asian: 17,434 (4.3%); Other race: 22,942 (5.7%); Two or more races: 10,532 (2.6%); Hispanic/Latino: 45,868 (11… Read more
50th Anniversary 2014 Ford Mustang
Photo Credit: Raynardo
Here are some key moments in the history and evolution of the Ford Mustang.
1964
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2014
1964
April 17
The first Mustang is introduced by the Ford Motor Company at the World's Fair in New York. It is named after… Read more
Find out when some of the most historical sites in the U.S. became national landmarks. by Jennie Wood The U.S. began the National Historic Landmark Program to recognize and preserve the country's cultural heritage. Although efforts began as far back as the 1930s, when Congress passed the Historic Sites Act, the program became… Read more
by Mark D. Hughes photos by Carol M. Highsmith Prev Next Franklin Delano Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt was the 32nd president of the United States (1933-1945). He is the only president to serve four terms in office. Fun Fact: FDR was the first president to speak on television. Find more Carol Highsmith… Read more
by Mark D. Hughes photos by Carol M. Highsmith Washington, D.C., is the capital of the United States and home to many of the country's most famous and recognizable landmarks. Follow this slideshow to learn more about some of the capital city's notable sites. Prev Next Washington, D.C. Find more Carol… Read more
by Liz Olson For centuries beginning around 1600, Native Americans settled along the wooded and rich-soil banks of Northern Plains rivers. In the United States the Plains include parts of North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Texas. For the most part, the… Read more
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