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Reik, Theodor

(Encyclopedia) Reik, TheodorReik, Theodortāˈōdōr rīk [key], 1888–1969, American psychologist and author, b. Vienna, Ph.D. Univ. of Vienna, 1912. He was one of Sigmund Freud's earliest and most…

Shinoda, Toko

(Encyclopedia) Shinoda, Toko, 1913-2021, Japanese artist, b. Dalian, Manchuria. Shinoda's family returned to Japan shortly after she was born. She…

Patchett, Ann

(Encyclopedia) Patchett, Ann, 1963–, American author, b. Los Angeles, B.A. Sarah Lawrence College, 1984, M.F.A Univ. of Iowa, 1987. In her twenties she was a writer at Seventeen magazine, wrote…

Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia

(Encyclopedia) Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia, 1900–1979, British-American astronomer, b. Wendover, England, as Cecilia Helena Payne. She studied at Cambridge and at the Harvard College Observatory, and…

Oz, Amos

(Encyclopedia) Oz, Amos, 1939–2018, Israeli writer, b. Jerusalem as Amos Klausner. As a teenager he changed his name to Oz [Heb.,=strength]. A former kibbutz member, Israeli soldier, and…

surrogate mother

(Encyclopedia) surrogate mother, a woman who agrees, usually by contract and for a fee, to bear a child for a couple who are childless because the wife is infertile or physically incapable of…

Taussig, Helen Brooke

(Encyclopedia) Taussig, Helen Brooke, 1898–1986, American physician, b. Cambridge, Mass., M.D. Johns Hopkins Univ., 1927. She spent her entire career at Johns Hopkins, where she founded the field of…

Tirso de Molina

(Encyclopedia) Tirso de MolinaTirso de Molinatērˈsō dā mōlēˈnä [key], pseud. of Fray Gabriel TéllezTirso de Molinagäbrēĕlˈ tĕlˈyĕth [key], 1584?–1648, outstanding dramatist of the Spanish Golden Age…

Waters, Ethel

(Encyclopedia) Waters, Ethel, 1896?–1977, African-American singer and actress, b. Chester, Pa. As a singer, she is noted for her sultry, sophisticated, and dramatic version of the blues, evinced in…

Blok, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich

(Encyclopedia) Blok, Aleksandr AleksandrovichBlok, Aleksandr Aleksandrovichəlyĭksänˈdər əlyĭksänˈdrəvĭch blôk [key], 1880–1921, Russian poet, considered the greatest of the Russian symbolists. As the…