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Rio Treaty

(Encyclopedia) Rio Treaty (Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance), signed Sept. 2, 1947, and originally ratified by all 21 American republics. Under the treaty, an armed attack or threat of…

Philoctetes

(Encyclopedia) PhiloctetesPhiloctetesfĭlŏktēˈtēz [key], in Greek mythology, son of Poias. He acquired, by gift, the bow and arrow of Hercules by lighting the pyre on which the hero was consumed alive…

producer gas

(Encyclopedia) producer gas, fuel gas consisting chiefly of carbon monoxide and nitrogen. It is prepared in a furnace or generator in which air is forced upward through a burning fuel of coal or coke…

perjury

(Encyclopedia) perjuryperjurypûrˈjərē [key], in criminal law, the act of willfully and knowingly stating a falsehood under oath or under affirmation in judicial or administrative proceedings. If the…

parsnip, in botany

(Encyclopedia) parsnip, garden plant (Pastinaca sativa) of the family Umbelliferae (parsley family), native to the Old World. It has been cultivated since Roman times for its long, fleshy, edible…

spasm

(Encyclopedia) spasm, involuntary rigid muscle contraction, often persistent and often accompanied by pain. It usually has some underlying physical cause such as disease, strain, or injury to the…

epoxy resins

(Encyclopedia) epoxy resins, group of synthetic resins used to make plastics and adhesives. These materials are noted for their versatility, but their relatively high cost has limited their use. High…

Döblin, Alfred

(Encyclopedia) Döblin, AlfredDöblin, Alfredälˈfrĕt döblĭnˈ [key], 1878–1957, German novelist and physician. His experiences as a psychiatrist in the workers' district of Berlin served as the basis…

Frankel, Zecharias

(Encyclopedia) Frankel, ZechariasFrankel, Zechariaszĕkərīˈəs frängˈkəl [key], 1801–75, Jewish theologian, b. Prague. Frankel believed that only through an appreciation of the historical development…

Mapp v. Ohio

(Encyclopedia) Mapp v. Ohio, case decided in 1961 by the U.S. Supreme Court. Dollree Mapp was convicted in a state court of possessing pornographic material in violation of Ohio law. Her conviction…