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Mitchell, John

(Encyclopedia) Mitchell, John, 1870–1919, American labor leader, b. Braidwood, Ill. He became a miner at the age of 12 and in 1885 joined the Knights of Labor. When the United Mine Workers of America…

Seleucus II

(Encyclopedia) Seleucus II (Seleucus Callinicus), d. 226 b.c., king of ancient Syria (247–226 b.c.), son of Antiochus II. On his father's death there was a struggle for the throne between Seleucus…

Pullman strike

(Encyclopedia) Pullman strike, in U.S. history, an important labor dispute. On May 11, 1894, workers of the Pullman Palace Car Company in Chicago struck to protest wage cuts and the firing of union…

Cáceres, Andrés Avelino

(Encyclopedia) Cáceres, Andrés AvelinoCáceres, Andrés Avelinoändrāsˈ ävālēˈnō käˈsārās [key], 1836?–1923, president of Peru (1886–90, 1894). He was a commander in the war with Chile (see Pacific, War…

Social Gospel

(Encyclopedia) Social Gospel, liberal movement within American Protestantism that attempted to apply biblical teachings to problems associated with industrialization. It took form during the latter…

Beccaria, Cesare Bonesana, marchese di

(Encyclopedia) Beccaria, Cesare Bonesana, marchese diBeccaria, Cesare Bonesana, marchese dichĕˈzärā bōnāzäˈnä märkāˈzā dē bĕk-kärēˈä [key], 1738–94, Italian criminologist, economist, and jurist, b.…

Lukashenko, Aleksandr Grigoryevich

(Encyclopedia) Lukashenko, Aleksandr GrigoryevichLukashenko, Aleksandr Grigoryevichəlyĭksänˈdər grĭgôrˈyəvĭch l&oomacr;käshĕnˈkô [key], Belarusian Alyaksandr Ryhoravich Lukashenka, 1954–,…

proletariat

(Encyclopedia) proletariatproletariatprōlətârˈēət [key], in Marxian theory, the class of exploited workers and wage earners who depend on the sale of their labor for their means of existence. In…