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John, three epistles of the New Testament

(Encyclopedia) John, three letters of the New Testament. Traditionally, they are ascribed to John son of Zebedee, the disciple of Jesus. All three letters probably date to the end of the 1st cent. a.…

poor law

(Encyclopedia) poor law, in English history, legislation relating to public assistance for the poor. Early measures to relieve pauperism were usually designed to suppress vagrancy and begging. In…

radiation sickness

(Encyclopedia) radiation sickness, harmful effect produced on body tissues by exposure to radioactive substances. The biological action of radiation is not fully understood, but it is believed that a…

melting point

(Encyclopedia) melting point, temperature at which a substance changes its state from solid to liquid. Under standard atmospheric pressure different pure crystalline solids will each melt at a…

Lovat, Simon Fraser, 11th Baron

(Encyclopedia) Lovat, Simon Fraser, 11th BaronLovat, Simon Fraser, 11th Baronlŭvˈət [key], 1675?–1747, Scottish nobleman and Jacobite conspirator. The nephew of the 9th baron, he and his father…

pollution allowance

(Encyclopedia) pollution allowance or emission rights, government-issued permit to emit a certain amount of a pollutant. The holder of the permit may use it to pollute legally, may trade permits, or…

Special Drawing Rights

(Encyclopedia) Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), type of international monetary reserve currency established (1968) by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Created in response to worries concerning…

Whitlam, Gough

(Encyclopedia) Whitlam, GoughWhitlam, Goughgŏf [key], 1916–2014, Australian political leader. Edward Gough Whitlam studied law and entered practice near Sydney after serving in World War II. A member…

decimal system

(Encyclopedia) decimal system [Lat.,=of tenths], numeration system based on powers of 10. A number is written as a row of digits, with each position in the row corresponding to a certain power of 10…

turbine

(Encyclopedia) CE5 Types of turbines turbine, rotary engine that uses a continuous stream of fluid (gas or liquid) to turn a shaft that can drive machinery. A water, or hydraulic, turbine is used…