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Aepinus, Franz Ulrich Theodosius

(Encyclopedia) Aepinus, Franz Ulrich TheodosiusAepinus, Franz Ulrich Theodosiusfränts &oobreve;lˈrĭkh tāˌōdōˈzē&oobreve;s âpēˈn&oobreve;s [key], 1724–1802, German physicist. He studied at…

bias, in electricity

(Encyclopedia) bias, a voltage, current, or other input applied to a device or system as a reference or to set its conditions of operation. A bias is usually steady but may vary with time, usually…

designer drug

(Encyclopedia) designer drug, chemical substance synthesized in a laboratory that is intended to have effects similar to those of a drug that is a controlled substance, such as methamphetamine,…

credit card

(Encyclopedia) credit card, device used to obtain consumer credit at the time of purchasing an article or service. Credit cards may be issued by a business, such as a department store or an oil…

Lancaster, Joseph

(Encyclopedia) Lancaster, Joseph, 1778–1838, English educator. In 1801 he founded a free elementary school, using a type of monitorial system for which he acknowledged his debt to Andrew Bell. The…

Leighton, Robert

(Encyclopedia) Leighton, Robert, 1611–84, Scottish prelate and classical scholar. After several years in France, where he seems to have developed an admiration for the Jansenists, he became (1641) a…

dialectic

(Encyclopedia) dialecticdialecticdīəlĕkˈtĭk [key] [Gr.,= art of conversation], in philosophy, term originally applied to the method of philosophizing by means of question and answer employed by…

Dawes Act

(Encyclopedia) Dawes Act or General Allotment Act, 1887, passed by the U.S. Congress to provide for the granting of landholdings (allotments, usually 160 acres/65 hectares) to individual Native…

Davenport, John

(Encyclopedia) Davenport, John, 1597–1670, Puritan clergyman, one of the founders of New Haven, Conn., b. Coventry, England, educated at Merton and Magdalen colleges, Oxford. Starting as a Church of…

Russian American Company

(Encyclopedia) Russian American Company, colonial trading company, chartered by Czar Paul I in 1799. The charter granted the merchant-dominated company monopoly trading privileges in Russian America…