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Morris, Wright

(Encyclopedia) Morris, Wright (Wright Marion Morris), 1910–98, American writer, b. Central City, Nebr. He was for many years professor of English at San Francisco State College (now San Francisco…

Muhammad IV, Ottoman sultan

(Encyclopedia) Muhammad IV or Mehmet IV, 1641–92, Ottoman sultan (1648–87). He was proclaimed sultan of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) by the corps of Janissaries after the deposition and murder of his…

Lyon, Matthew

(Encyclopedia) Lyon, Matthew, 1750–1822, American political leader and pioneer, b. Co. Wicklow, Ireland. He emigrated to America in 1765, settling eventually in Vermont. During the American…

Arzú, Álvaro

(Encyclopedia) Arzú, Álvaro (Álvaro Enrique Arzú Irigoyen), 1946–2018, Guatemalan lawyer and political leader. He was director of the Guatemalan tourism office (1978–81) before he was first elected…

Magdala, village, Ethiopia

(Encyclopedia) MagdalaMagdalamägˈdälä, măgˈdələ [key], former name of Amba MariamAmba Mariamämˈbə märˈēəm [key], village, Amhara region, central Ethiopia. Emperor Tewodros II (Theodore II) in the mid…

Piacenza

(Encyclopedia) PiacenzaPiacenzapyächānˈtsä [key], city (1991 pop. 102,268), capital of Piacenza prov., in Emilia-Romagna, on the Po River. It is an agricultural, commercial, and industrial center.…

Constantine IV, Byzantine emperor

(Encyclopedia) Constantine IV, c.652–685, Byzantine emperor (668–85), son and successor of Constans II. He defended Constantinople against the annual naval attacks of the Muslims, who finally…

Chisholm Trail

(Encyclopedia) Chisholm Trail, route over which vast herds of cattle were driven from Texas to the railheads in Kansas after the Civil War. Its name is generally believed to come from Jesse Chisholm…

Gadsden, James

(Encyclopedia) Gadsden, JamesGadsden, Jamesgădzˈdən [key], 1788–1858, American railroad promoter and diplomat, b. Charleston, S.C.; grandson of Christopher Gadsden. He served in the War of 1812,…

Hamilcar Barca

(Encyclopedia) Hamilcar Barca, d. 229 or 228 b.c., Carthaginian general. He was assigned the command in Sicily in 247 in the First Punic War (see Punic Wars). From mountain bases near Palermo he made…