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Gullstrand, Allvar
(Encyclopedia) Gullstrand, AllvarGullstrand, Allvarälˈvär gŭlˈstränd [key], 1862–1930, Swedish ophthalmologist. He was professor (1894–1927) successively of eye therapy and of optics at the Univ. of…Fitzgerald, George Francis
(Encyclopedia) Fitzgerald, George Francis, 1851–1901, Irish physicist. Fitzgerald was born in Dublin and studied and taught at Trinity College there. He is best known for suggesting how the ether, by…aureole, in physics
(Encyclopedia) aureoleaureoleôrˈēōlˌ [key], in physics, luminous circle seen when the sun or other bright light is observed through a diffuse medium, i.e., smoke, thin cloud, fog, haze, or mist. It…Iceland spar
(Encyclopedia) Iceland spar, colorless variety of crystallized calcite, characterized by its properties of transparency and double refraction. It is used chiefly in the manufacture of Nicol prisms,…farsightedness
(Encyclopedia) farsightedness or hyperopia, condition in which far objects can be seen easily but there is difficulty in near vision. It is caused by a defect of refraction in which the image is…calcium carbonate
(Encyclopedia) calcium carbonate, CaCO3, white chemical compound that is the most common nonsiliceous mineral. It occurs in two crystal forms: calcite, which is hexagonal, and aragonite, which is…Witelo of Silesia
(Encyclopedia) Witelo of Silesia or Vitelo, c.1230–75, Silesian physicist, philosopher, and theologian. He studied in Paris and Padua and spent time at the papal palace in Viterbo, Italy. His ten-…Huygens, Christiaan
(Encyclopedia) Huygens, ChristiaanHuygens, Christiaankrĭsˈtyän hoiˈgəns [key], 1629–95, Dutch mathematician and physicist; son of Constantijn Huygens. He improved telescopic lenses and discovered (…optics
(Encyclopedia) optics, scientific study of light. Physical optics is concerned with the genesis, nature, and properties of light; physiological optics with the part light plays in vision; and…Foucault, Jean Bernard Léon
(Encyclopedia) Foucault, Jean Bernard LéonFoucault, Jean Bernard LéonzhäN bĕrnärˈ lāôNˈ f&oomacr;kōˈ [key], 1819–68, French physicist. Known especially for his research on the speed of light, he…Trending
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