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Gilbert

(Encyclopedia) Gilbert, city (2020 pop. 267,918), Maricopa co. S central Ariz., suburb of Phoenix, located S of Mesa and E of Chandler; inc. 1920.…

Arnold of Brescia

(Encyclopedia) Arnold of BresciaArnold of Bresciabrĕshˈə [key], c.1090–1155, Italian monk and reformer, b. Brescia. A priest of irreproachable life, Arnold studied at Paris, where according to…

Pullman

(Encyclopedia) Pullman. 1 Former town, since 1889 part of Chicago, Ill. It was founded in 1880 by George M. Pullman as a model community for workers of his sleeping-car company; all property was…

amulet

(Encyclopedia) amuletamuletămˈyəlĭt [key], object or formula that credulity and superstition have endowed with the power of warding off harmful influences. The use of the amulet to avert danger and…

Hollins, George Nichols

(Encyclopedia) Hollins, George Nichols, 1799–1878, American naval officer, b. Baltimore. His active career spanned the years from the War of 1812, in which he served under Decatur, to the end of the…

Kamerlingh Onnes, Heike

(Encyclopedia) Kamerlingh Onnes, HeikeKamerlingh Onnes, Heikehīˈkə käˈmərlĭng ônˈəs [key], 1853–1926, Dutch physicist. He was, from 1882, professor of physics at the Univ. of Leiden. He made…

shape memory

(Encyclopedia) shape memory, property possessed by certain alloys that allows them to return, when heated, to their original shape after having been deformed. This effect results because, as the…

Peckham, Rufus Wheeler

(Encyclopedia) Peckham, Rufus WheelerPeckham, Rufus Wheelerpĕkˈəm [key], 1838–1909, associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1895–1909), b. Albany, N.Y. Admitted (1859) to the bar, he became a…

Fermi-Dirac statistics

(Encyclopedia) Fermi-Dirac statistics, class of statistics that applies to particles called fermions. Fermions have half-integral values of the quantum mechanical property called spin and are “…

Gray, John Chipman

(Encyclopedia) Gray, John Chipman, 1839–1915, American lawyer and teacher, b. Brighton, Mass. A graduate of Harvard Law School (1861), he served in the Civil War and then entered law practice in…