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Franco, Itamar Augusto

(Encyclopedia) Franco, Itamar Augusto, 1930–2011, Brazilian political leader. He began his political career as mayor (1966–74) of his hometown, Juiz de Fora, and was subsequently (1974, 1982) elected…

Jenks, Jeremiah Whipple

(Encyclopedia) Jenks, Jeremiah Whipple, 1856–1929, American economist, b. St. Clair, Mich., grad. Univ. of Michigan, 1878, Ph.D. Univ. of Halle, 1885. He was professor of political economy (1891–1912…

Magufuli, John Pombe Joseph

(Encyclopedia) Magufuli, John Pombe Joseph, 1959–, Tanzanian political leader, Ph.D. Univ. of Dar es Salaam, 2009. He worked as an industrial chemist (1989–95) at the Nyanza Cooperative Union Ltd.…

Machar, Josef Svatopluk

(Encyclopedia) Machar, Josef SvatoplukMachar, Josef Svatoplukyôˈzĕf sväˈtôpl&oobreve;k mäˈkhär [key], 1854–1942, Czech poet and essayist. A leader of the realist movement in Czech poetry and a…

Mishustin, Mikhail Vladimirovich

(Encyclopedia) Mishustin, Mikhail Vladimirovich, 1966–, Russian economist and political leader. Trained in systems engineering and economics, he was Russia's deputy tax minister (1998–2004), then…

Latins

(Encyclopedia) Latins, in ancient times, inhabitants of Latium, particularly of the great plain of Latium. The Latins established themselves in many small settlements. Gradually increasing in size,…

Castex, Jean

(Encyclopedia) Castex, Jean, 1965–, French government official and political leader. A member of the center-right Republicans (and its predecessor, the Union for a Popular Movement), Castex has held…

Torrijos Espino, Martín Erasto

(Encyclopedia) Torrijos Espino, Martín Erasto, 1963–, Panamanian political leader, president of Panama (2004–), b. Panama City. The son of Gen. Omar Torrijos Herrera, he studied economics and…

Pleven, René

(Encyclopedia) Pleven, RenéPleven, Renérənāˈ plĕväNˈ [key], 1901–93, French political leader. He held various diplomatic and financial posts in the Free French government during World War II and…

chief

(Encyclopedia) chief or chieftain, political leader of a band, tribe, or confederation of tribes. At the simpler levels of social organization, the band or tribe usually lacks centralized authority…