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Bell, Cool Papa

(Encyclopedia) Bell, Cool Papa (James Thomas Bell), 1903–91, African-American baseball player, b. Starkville, Miss. A centerfielder and switch hitter as well as one of the fastest baserunners in…

Wallace, Henry

(Encyclopedia) Wallace, Henry, 1836–1916, American agricultural leader, b. West Newton, Pa., grad. Jefferson (later Washington and Jefferson) College, 1859. He studied (1861–63) theology and went (…

Stamp Act

(Encyclopedia) Stamp Act, 1765, revenue law passed by the British Parliament during the ministry of George Grenville. The first direct tax to be levied on the American colonies, it required that all…

Smith Act

(Encyclopedia) Smith Act, 1940, passed by the U.S. Congress as the Alien Registration Act of 1940. The act, which made it an offense to advocate or belong to a group that advocated the violent…

Sedition Act

(Encyclopedia) Sedition Act: see Alien and Sedition Acts.

Test Act

(Encyclopedia) Test Act, 1673, English statute that excluded from public office (both military and civil) all those who refused to take the oaths of allegiance and supremacy, who refused to receive…

Antitrust Act

(Encyclopedia) Antitrust Act: see Clayton Antitrust Act; Sherman Antitrust Act.

Neutrality Act

(Encyclopedia) Neutrality Act, law passed by the U.S. Congress and signed by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt in Aug., 1935. It was designed to keep the United States out of a possible European…