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Peter I, czar of Russia
(Encyclopedia)Peter I or Peter the Great, 1672–1725, czar of Russia (1682–1725), major figure in the development of imperial Russia. Peter's personal traits ranged from bestial cruelty and vice to the most ...Alexander I, czar of Russia
(Encyclopedia)Alexander I, 1777–1825, czar of Russia (1801–25), son of Paul I (in whose murder he may have taken an indirect part). In the first years of his reign the liberalism of his Swiss tutor, Frédéric ...Alexander II, czar of Russia
(Encyclopedia)Alexander II, 1818–81, czar of Russia (1855–81), son and successor of Nicholas I. He ascended the throne during the Crimean War (1853–56) and immediately set about negotiating a peace (see Paris...Alexander III, czar of Russia
(Encyclopedia)Alexander III, 1845–94, czar of Russia (1881–94), son and successor of Alexander II. Factors that contributed to Alexander's reactionary policies included his father's assassination, his limited i...Gorky, suburb of Moscow, Russia
(Encyclopedia)Gorky lyĕˈnyĭnskəyə [key], suburb of Moscow, central European Russia. The country home of Lenin, who died there, is now a memorial museum. ...Chennault, Claire Lee
(Encyclopedia)Chennault, Claire Lee shĕnˈôltˌ [key], 1890–1958, American general, b. Commerce, Tex. In World War I he was a pioneer in air pursuit tactics. Retired (1937) from the army, he went to China and o...Travis, William Barrett
(Encyclopedia)Travis, William Barrett trăvˈĭs [key], 1809–36, hero of the Texas Revolution, b. Edgefield co., S.C. He moved to Claiborne, Ala., where he practiced law. Travis later moved (1831) to Texas and so...defense mechanism
(Encyclopedia)defense mechanism, in psychoanalysis, any of a variety of unconscious personality reactions which the ego uses to protect the conscious mind from threatening feelings and perceptions. Sigmund Freud fi...Schwartz, Anna Jacobson
(Encyclopedia)Schwartz, Anna Jacobson, 1915–2012, American research economist and financial historian, b. the Bronx, N.Y., grad. Barnard (B.A. 1934), Columbia (M.A. 1935, Ph.D. 1964). An outstanding exponent of m...Erikson, Erik
(Encyclopedia)Erikson, Erik, 1902–94, American psychoanalyst, b. Germany. As a young man he traveled throughout Europe. He became a teacher in a Vienna private school and trained as a psychoanalyst (1927–33) un...Browse by Subject
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