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Tshisekedi, Étienne

(Encyclopedia) Tshisekedi, Étienne (Étienne Tshisekedi wa Lumumba), 1932–2017, opposition leader in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He entered government service in the 1960s and helped draft…

Sung Chiao-jen

(Encyclopedia) Sung Chiao-jenSung Chiao-jens&oobreve;ng jyou-jŭn [key], 1882–1913, Chinese revolutionary and political leader. He was a founding member (1905) and a leading activist in the…

Prayuth Chan-ocha

(Encyclopedia) Prayuth Chan-ochaPrayuth Chan-ochapräy&oomacr;tˈ chän-ōchäˈ [key], 1954–, Thai army officer and political leader. After training at the Royal Military Academy, he joined the Thai…

Seabury, Samuel, American jurist

(Encyclopedia) Seabury, Samuel, 1873–1958, American jurist, b. New York City; great-great-grandson of Samuel Seabury (1729–96). He served on the supreme court (1907–14) and on the court of appeals (…

Sanguinetti, Julio María

(Encyclopedia) Sanguinetti, Julio MaríaSanguinetti, Julio Maríah&oomacr;ˈlēō märēˈä sängēnĕˈtē [key], 1936–, Uruguayan political leader, president of Uruguay (1985–90, 1995–2000). A lawyer and…

perestroika

(Encyclopedia) perestroikaperestroikapərˈĕstroyˈkə [key], Soviet economic and social policy of the late 1980s. Perestroika [restructuring] was the term attached to the attempts (1985–91) by Mikhail…

Sigurðardóttir, Jóhanna

(Encyclopedia) Sigurðardóttir, JóhannaSigurðardóttir, Jóhannayōhäˈnä sĭˈgürᵺärtōˌtĭr [key], 1942–, Icelandic political leader. A former flight attendant (1962–71) and union organizer, she was elected…

Simpson-Miller, Portia

(Encyclopedia) Simpson-Miller, Portia, 1945–, Jamaican political leader, prime minister of Jamaica (2006–7, 2012–16). A member of the People's National party (PNP), she was first elected to…

Stanishev, Sergei Dmitrievich

(Encyclopedia) Stanishev, Sergei Dmitrievich, 1966–, Bulgarian political leader and political scientist. Born in Ukraine, he studied at Moscow State Univ. (B.A., 1989; Ph.D., 1994), and taught in…

Rugova, Ibrahim

(Encyclopedia) Rugova, IbrahimRugova, Ibrahimēbrähēmˈ r&oomacr;gōˈvā [key] 1944–2006, ethnic Albanian leader in Kosovo. A scholar and author, he studied at Kosovo's Priština Univ. and the…