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Franzen, Jonathan

(Encyclopedia) Franzen, Jonathan, 1959–, American novelist, b. Western Springs, Ill., B.A. Swarthmore College, 1981. His first two novels, The Twenty-Seventh City (1988) and Strong Motion (1992),…

Brahe, Tycho

(Encyclopedia) Brahe, TychoBrahe, Tychotīˈkō brä [key], 1546–1601, Danish astronomer. The most prominent astronomer of the late 16th cent., he paved the way for future discoveries by improving…

Mallarmé, Stéphane

(Encyclopedia) Mallarmé, StéphaneMallarmé, Stéphanestāfänˈ mälärmāˈ [key], 1842–98, French poet. Mallarmé's great importance is as the chief forebear of the symbolists; the influence of his poetry…

Rosicrucians

(Encyclopedia) RosicruciansRosicruciansrōzĭkr&oomacr;ˈshənz [key], members of an esoteric society or group of societies, who claim that their order has been in existence since the days of ancient…

Rao, Raja

(Encyclopedia) Rao, RajaRao, Rajaräˈjə [key]Rao, Raja rou [key], 1909–2006, Indian novelist, b. Hassan, Mysore (now Karnataka), as Raja. Rao took his surname as an adult, and was educated in India…

Andersen, Hans Christian

(Encyclopedia) Andersen, Hans Christian, 1805–75, Danish poet, novelist, and writer of fairy tales. Born to an illiterate washerwoman and reared in poverty, he left Odense at 14 for Copenhagen, where…

caricature

(Encyclopedia) caricature, a satirical drawing, plastic representation, or description which, through exaggeration of natural features, makes its subject appear ridiculous. Although 16th-century…

intuition

(Encyclopedia) intuition, in philosophy, way of knowing directly; immediate apprehension. The Greeks understood intuition to be the grasp of universal principles by the intelligence (nous), as…

Chateaubriand, François René, vicomte de

(Encyclopedia) Chateaubriand, François René, vicomte deChateaubriand, François René, vicomte defräNswäˈ rənāˈ vēkôNtˈ də shätōbrēäNˈ [key], 1768–1848, French writer. Chateaubriand was a founder of…

Gogol, Nikolai Vasilyevich

(Encyclopedia) Gogol, Nikolai VasilyevichGogol, Nikolai Vasilyevichnyĭkəlīˈ vəsēˈlyəvĭch gôˈgəl [key], 1809–52, Russian short-story writer, novelist, and playwright, sometimes considered the father…