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Coty, René

(Encyclopedia) Coty, RenéCoty, Renérənāˈ kôtēˈ [key], 1882–1962, French president (1954–59). From 1923 to 1940 he served in the legislature, first as a deputy and then as a senator. In 1940, when…

Allison, William Boyd

(Encyclopedia) Allison, William Boyd, 1829–1908, U.S. Senator from Iowa (1873–1908), b. Ashland co., Ohio. He served (1863–71) in the House of Representatives and entered the Senate in 1873. One of…

Berlinguer, Enrico

(Encyclopedia) Berlinguer, EnricoBerlinguer, Enricoənrēkō bûrˈlĭngûr [key], 1922–84, Italian political leader. Born into a wealthy yet politically radical family, Berlinguer joined the Communist…

Hague Tribunal

(Encyclopedia) Hague Tribunal, popular name for the Permanent Court of Arbitration established in 1899 by a convention of the First Hague Peace Conference to facilitate arbitration and other forms of…

Sherman Silver Purchase Act

(Encyclopedia) Sherman Silver Purchase Act, 1890, passed by the U.S. Congress to supplant the Bland-Allison Act of 1878. It not only required the U.S. government to purchase nearly twice as much…

Crittenden, John Jordan

(Encyclopedia) Crittenden, John Jordan, 1787–1863, U.S. public official, b. Woodford co., Ky. A Kentucky legislator (1811–17), Crittenden entered the U.S. Senate (1817–19) but resigned to resume…

Leguía, Augusto Bernardino

(Encyclopedia) Leguía, Augusto BernardinoLeguía, Augusto Bernardinooug&oomacr;sˈtō bārnärdēˈnō lāgēˈä [key], 1863–1932, president of Peru (1908–12, 1919–30). In his second administration Leguía…

Worms, Concordat of

(Encyclopedia) Worms, Concordat of, 1122, agreement reached by Pope Calixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V to put an end to the struggle over investiture. By its terms the emperor guaranteed free…

party, political

(Encyclopedia) party, political, organization whose aim is to gain control of the government apparatus, usually through the election of its candidates to public office. Political parties take many…

Stillingfleet, Edward

(Encyclopedia) Stillingfleet, Edward, 1635–99, English prelate and author. A fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, he became (1657) rector of Sutton, Bedfordshire. In 1661 he published Irenicum, a…