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fever

(Encyclopedia) fever, elevation of body temperature above the normal level, which in humans is about 98℉ (37℃) when measured orally. Fever is considered to be a symptom of a disorder rather than a…

causality

(Encyclopedia) causality, in philosophy, the relationship between cause and effect. A distinction is often made between a cause that produces something new (e.g., a moth from a caterpillar) and one…

retrovirus

(Encyclopedia) retrovirus, type of RNA virus that, unlike other RNA viruses, reproduces by transcribing itself into DNA. An enzyme called reverse transcriptase allows a retrovirus's RNA to act as the…

Richmond and Lennox, Charles Lennox, 3d duke of

(Encyclopedia) Richmond and Lennox, Charles Lennox, 3d duke of, 1735–1806, British statesman. He was secretary of state for the south of Europe (1766) and became a staunch defender of the cause of…

colic

(Encyclopedia) colic, intense pain caused by spasmodic contractions of one of the hollow organs, e.g., the stomach, intestine, gall bladder, ureter, or oviduct. The cause of colic is irritation and/…

rash

(Encyclopedia) rash, nonspecific term for an eruption of the skin. It may result from skin allergy, skin irritation, or skin disease, or it may be a symptom of a systemic disease like measles,…

trypanosome

(Encyclopedia) trypanosometrypanosometrĭpˈənəsōmˌ [key], microscopic, one-celled protozoan of the genus Trypanosoma, typically living as an active parasite in the bloodstream of a vertebrate;…

Epstein-Barr virus

(Encyclopedia) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpesvirus that is the major cause of infectious mononucleosis and is associated with a number of cancers, particularly lymphomas in immunosuppressed persons…

Saffir-Simpson scale

(Encyclopedia) Saffir-Simpson scaleSaffir-Simpson scalesăfˈər– [key], standard scale for rating the severity of hurricanes as a measure of the damage they cause; it is based on observations of…