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chalcedony

(Encyclopedia) chalcedonychalcedonykălsĕdˈənē [key] [from Chalcedon], form of quartz the crystals of which are so minute that its crystalline structure cannot be seen except with the aid of a…

Turing machine

(Encyclopedia) Turing machine, a mathematical model of a device that computes via a series of discrete steps and is not limited in use by a fixed maximum amount of data storage. Introduced by the…

Hercules cluster

(Encyclopedia) Hercules cluster, giant globular star cluster in the northern constellation Hercules; cataloged as M13 or NGC 6205. The cluster is just visible to the naked eye and is the best example…

half-life

(Encyclopedia) half-life, measure of the average lifetime of a radioactive substance (see radioactivity) or an unstable subatomic particle. One half-life is the time required for one half of any…

Lull, Ramón

(Encyclopedia) Lull, RamónLull, Ramónrämōnˈ l&oomacr;l [key], or Raymond Lully, c.1232–1316?, Catalan philosopher, b. Palma, Majorca. Of a wealthy family, he lived in ease until c.1263, when he…

Davidson, Donald Herbert

(Encyclopedia) Davidson, Donald Herbert, 1917–2003, American philosopher, b. Springfield, Mass., grad. Harvard (B.A., 1939; Ph.D., 1949). A student of W. V. Quine, Davidson emerged as one of the…

dower

(Encyclopedia) dower, that portion of a deceased husband's real property that a widow is legally entitled to use during her lifetime to support herself and their children. A wife may claim the dower…

Kuhn, Thomas Samuel

(Encyclopedia) Kuhn, Thomas Samuel, 1922–96, American philosopher and historian of science, b. Cincinnati, Ohio. He trained as a physicist at Harvard (Ph.D. 1949), where he taught the history of…

liana

(Encyclopedia) lianalianalēäˈnə [key] or lianelianelēänˈ [key], name for any climbing plant that roots in the ground. The term is most often used for the woody vines that form a characteristic part…

mood

(Encyclopedia) mood or mode, in verb inflection, the forms of a verb that indicate its manner of doing or being. In English the forms are called indicative (for direct statement or question or to…