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Bosboom-Toussaint, Anna Louisa Geertruida

(Encyclopedia) Bosboom-Toussaint, Anna Louisa GeertruidaBosboom-Toussaint, Anna Louisa Geertruidaäˈnä l&oomacr;ēˈzä hārtroiˈdä bôsˈbōm-t&oobreve;săNˈ [key], 1812–86, Dutch novelist. She…

Masada

(Encyclopedia) MasadaMasadaməsāˈdə [key], ancient mountaintop fortress in Israel, the final outpost of the Zealot Jews in their rebellion against Roman authority (a.d. 66–73). Located in the Judaean…

Middleton, Thomas

(Encyclopedia) Middleton, Thomas, 1580–1627, English dramatist, b. London, grad. Queen's College, Oxford, 1598. His early plays were chiefly written in collaboration with Dekker, Drayton, and others…

midwifery

(Encyclopedia) midwiferymidwiferymĭdˈwīˌfərē [key], art of assisting at childbirth. The term midwife for centuries referred to a woman who was an overseer during the process of delivery. In ancient…

gymnastics

(Encyclopedia) gymnastics, exercises for the balanced development of the body (see also aerobics), or the competitive sport derived from these exercises. Although the ancient Greeks (who invented the…

Jelinek, Elfriede

(Encyclopedia) Jelinek, ElfriedeJelinek, Elfriedeyĕlˈĭnĕk [key], 1946–, Austrian novelist and playwright, b. Mürzzuschlag. A trained musician who also studied art history and theater, she began her…

rubella

(Encyclopedia) rubella or German measles, acute infectious disease of children and young adults. It is caused by a filterable virus that is spread by droplet spray from the respiratory tract of an…

bar, the

(Encyclopedia) bar, the, originally, the rail that enclosed the judge in a court; hence, a court or a system of courts. The persons qualified and authorized to conduct the trial of cases are also…

Saint James, Margaret Jean

(Encyclopedia) Saint James, Margaret Jean, 1937-2021, American sex-work rights advocate, b. Bellingham, Wa. Saint James married shortly after…

Scottsboro Case

(Encyclopedia) Scottsboro Case. In 1931 nine black youths were indicted at Scottsboro, Ala., on charges of having raped two white women in a freight car passing through Alabama. In a series of trials…