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James, Jesse

(Encyclopedia) James, Jesse (Woodson), 1847–82, American outlaw, b. Clay co., Mo. At the age of 15 he joined the Confederate guerrilla band led by William Quantrill and participated in the brutal and…

Actors Studio, The

(Encyclopedia) Actors Studio, The, organization founded 1947 in New York City by the directors Cheryl Crawford, Elia Kazan, and Robert Lewis to train professional actors. Long directed (1948–82) by…

caravan

(Encyclopedia) caravan, group of travelers or merchants banded together and organized for mutual assistance and defense while traveling through unsettled or hostile country. Caravan trade is…

Atlanta campaign

(Encyclopedia) Atlanta campaign, May–Sept., 1864, of the U.S. Civil War. In the spring of 1864, Gen. W. T. Sherman concentrated the Union armies of G. H. Thomas, J. B. McPherson, and J. M. Schofield…

Marsilius of Padua

(Encyclopedia) Marsilius of PaduaMarsilius of Paduamärsĭlˈēəs, păˈdy&oomacr;ə [key], d. c.1342, Italian political philosopher. He is satirically called Marsiglio. Little is known with certainty…

relocation center

(Encyclopedia) relocation center, in U.S. history, camp in which Japanese and Japanese-Americans were interned during World War II. Fearing a Japanese invasion, the military leaders, under authority…

barometer

(Encyclopedia) CE5 Aneroid barometer barometerbarometerbərŏmˈətər [key], instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure. It was invented in 1643 by the Italian scientist Evangelista Torricelli…

Santa Fe Trail

(Encyclopedia) Santa Fe Trail, important caravan route of the W United States, extending c.780 mi (1,260 km) from Independence, Mo., SW to Santa Fe, N.Mex. Independence and Westport, Mo., were the…

Southern Pacific Company

(Encyclopedia) Southern Pacific Company, transportation system chartered (1865) in California and later reincorporated in Kentucky (1885) and Delaware (1947). Small railroads—known collectively as…

Greene, Graham

(Encyclopedia) Greene, Graham (Henry Graham Greene), 1904–91, English novelist and playwright. Although most of his works combine elements of the detective story, the spy thriller, and the…