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Arnold, Eve

(Encyclopedia) Arnold, Eve, 1912–2012, American photographer, b. Philadelphia as Eve Cohen. She moved to New York City at 28, and soon was studying photography at the New School; during this period…

Reich, Wilhelm

(Encyclopedia) Reich, WilhelmReich, Wilhelmvĭlˈhĕlm rīkh [key], 1897–1957, Austrian psychiatrist and biophysicist. For many years a chief associate at Freud's Psychoanalytic Polyclinic in Vienna, he…

Avedon, Richard

(Encyclopedia) Avedon, Richard, 1923–2004, American photographer, b. New York City. Son of Russian-Jewish immigrants, he studied philosophy at Columbia, served in the photographic section of the U.S…

Wertheimer, Max

(Encyclopedia) Wertheimer, MaxWertheimer, Maxmäks vĕrtˈhīmər [key], 1880–1943, German psychologist, b. Prague. He studied at the universities of Prague, Berlin, and Würzburg (Ph.D., 1904). His…

Winogrand, Garry

(Encyclopedia) Winogrand, Garry, 1928–84, American photographer known for his street photography, b. The Bronx, N.Y., studied City College (1947–48), Columbia (1948–51), and photography at the New…

Schapiro, Meyer

(Encyclopedia) Schapiro, MeyerSchapiro, Meyershəpĭrˈō [key], 1904–96, American art historian, b. Siauliai, Lithuania. Schapiro came to the United States in 1907 and later attended Columbia Univ.,…

Strauss, Leo

(Encyclopedia) Strauss, Leo, 1899–1973, American philosopher, b. Hesse, Germany. Strauss fled the Nazis and in 1938 came to the United States, where he taught at the New School in New York City (1938…

Szell, George

(Encyclopedia) Szell, GeorgeSzell, Georgesĕl [key], 1897–1970, American conductor and pianist, b. Budapest. He moved with his family to Vienna during his childhood and started his piano training at…

Johns Hopkins University

(Encyclopedia) Johns Hopkins University, mainly at Baltimore. Johns Hopkins in 1867 had a group of his associates incorporated as the trustees of a university and a hospital, endowing each with $3.5…