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Henry the Lion

(Encyclopedia) Henry the Lion, 1129–95, duke of Saxony (1142–80) and of Bavaria (1156–80); son of Henry the Proud. His father died (1139) while engaged in a war to regain his duchies, and it was not…

Henry the Navigator

(Encyclopedia) Henry the Navigator, 1394–1460, prince of Portugal, patron of exploration. Because he fought with extraordinary valor in the Portuguese conquest of Ceuta (1415), he was created duke of…

Henry the Proud

(Encyclopedia) Henry the Proud, c.1108–1139, duke of Bavaria (1126–38) and of Saxony (1137–38). A member of the Guelph family, he inherited the duchy of Bavaria and enormous private wealth. By his…

Hereward the Wake

(Encyclopedia) Hereward the WakeHereward the Wakehĕrˈĭwərd [key], fl. 1070, Anglo-Saxon rebel against William I. A thane, he apparently held land in Lincolnshire. In 1070 he sacked Peterborough with…

John the Fearless

(Encyclopedia) John the Fearless, 1371–1419, duke of Burgundy (1404–19); son of Philip the Bold. He fought against the Turks at Nikopol in 1396 and was a prisoner for a year until he was ransomed. He…

Juilliard School, The

(Encyclopedia) Juilliard School, TheJuilliard School, Thej&oomacr;lˈyärd [key], in New York City; school of music, drama, and dance; coeducational; est. 1905 as the Institute of Musical Art,…

Julian the Apostate

(Encyclopedia) Julian the Apostate (Flavius Claudius Julianus), 331?–363, Roman emperor (361–63), nephew of Constantine I; successor of Constantius II. He was given an education that combined…

Robert the Bruce

(Encyclopedia) Robert the Bruce: see Robert I, king of Scotland.

Robert the Devil

(Encyclopedia) Robert the Devil, hero of a medieval legend. He was sold to the devil by his mother before his birth but upon discovering the fact did penance and was able to purify himself of his…