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Alexander Lukashenko

Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko has been the president of Belarus since 1994. Lukashenko is a controversial figure whose supporters say has kept the country from chaos, but whose critics say uses…

Leon Trotsky

Name at birth: Lev Davidovich BronsteinA key figure in the creation of the Soviet Union, Leon Trotsky was later unseated and expelled by that nation's leader, Joseph Stalin. As a young man Trotsky…

Kim Philby

Name at birth: Harold Adrian Russell PhilbyThe privileged son of a British diplomat, Harold "Kim" Philby became one of the most famous spies of the 20th century when he defected to the Soviet Union…

Joseph Stalin

Name at birth: Iosif Vissarionovich DzhugashviliRuthless and ambitious, Joseph Stalin grabbed control of the Soviet Union after the death of V.I. Lenin in 1924 and held it until his own death in 1953…

Tom Clancy

Novelist Tom Clancy popularized the genre of "techno-thrillers": action-filled political intrigues stuffed with loving details of modern military technology. A former insurance broker, Tom Clancy…

Josip Broz Tito

Name at birth: Josip Broz Josip Broz, also known as Marshal Tito or simply Tito, was the Yugoslavian Prime Minister and President from 1943 until his death in 1980. A World War I officer in the…

Ho Chi Minh

Ho Chi Minh was the communist leader of North Vietnam from the end of World War II until his death in 1969. Born in a village in central Vietnam, his original name was either Nguyen Sinh Cung or…

Somalia Department of State Background

U.S. Department of State Background Note Somalia Index: Geography History Government Political Conditions Economy Foreign Relations U.S.-Somali Relations GEOGRAPHY The Cushitic populations of…

Fidel Castro

Name at birth: Fidel Alejandro Castro RuzBearded, charismatic and ruthless, Fidel Castro was the undisputed leader of Cuba from 1959 until 2008, when he stepped down after nearly 50 years in power.…

Alger Hiss

Alger Hiss was a central figure in a post-World War II scandal that became emblematic of political differences within the United States during the Cold War. A graduate of John Hopkins University (…